Gellan gum (Mw = 1 × 106 g/mol), ammonium persulfate, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, acetone, ethanol, sodium chloroacetate, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate and cefotaxime sodium salt were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany and were used as received. N-vinylimidazole was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany and was distilled under vacuum. Ultrapure grade water (Ω < 10−6 s/cm) was prepared by purifying deionized water with Millipore Simplicity-UV apparatus.
Monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
Monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate are inorganic compounds used as laboratory reagents. Monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) and dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) are salts of sodium and phosphoric acid, providing a source of phosphate ions for various applications in research and analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Versalaser 2, by Universal Systems (3 mentions)
Fluorescein free acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gellan gum, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloroacetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cefotaxime sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N vinylimidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Simplicity uv apparatus, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin quercetin 3 rutinoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl radical dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt abts, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate
1
Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogel Synthesis
2
Isolation and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds
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The standards 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was obtained from Polyphenols Laboratories (Sandnes, Norway). Lutein was obtained according to the method described by Meléndez-Martínez et al. [11 (link)]. Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was purchased from Fluka Chemika (Neu-Ulm, Switzerland). The reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH∙), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS∙+), monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and fluorescein (free acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Solvents of analytical grade ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and formic acid were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Isolation and Characterization of Natural Antioxidants
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The commercially available standards (+)-catechin and rutin (Quercetin-3-rutinoside) were acquired from Phytoplan GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Cyanidin 3-o -glucoside was purchased from Polyphenols (Sandnes, Norway). The β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany) and α-tocopherol was purchased from Calbiochem (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Violaxanthin and phytoene were isolated from natural sources by classical chromatographic techniques [10 (link)]. Luteoxanthin, neoxanthin and lutein were obtained as described by Meléndez-Martínez et al. [11 (link)].
Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was obtained from Fluka Chemika (Neu-Ulm, Switzerland). The reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidracyl radical (DPPH∙), monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, Folin Ciocalteu’s reagent and fluorescein (free acid) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Finally, formic acid and solvents (ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, diclhoromethane and acetonitrile) were all of analytical grade and were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was obtained from Fluka Chemika (Neu-Ulm, Switzerland). The reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidracyl radical (DPPH∙), monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, Folin Ciocalteu’s reagent and fluorescein (free acid) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Finally, formic acid and solvents (ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, diclhoromethane and acetonitrile) were all of analytical grade and were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
4
Protein Expression and Purification Protocol
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Yeast extract, tryptone, NaCl, BisTris, Tris-base, glycine, β-mercaptoethanol (BME), agar, ammonium persulfate, sodium acetate, acetic acid, EDTA, and TEMED were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). DTT, isopropyl 1-thio--d -galactopyranoside, and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) were purchased from GoldBio (St. Louis, MO, USA). Imidazole, Zn2SO4, and Cu(II)2SO4, Imidazole, monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trichloroethanol was purchased from Acros Organics. Primers for mutagenesis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and the Phusion site-directed mutagenesis kit was from Thermo Fisher Scientific. TPEN was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, United Kingdom). Alexa-488 fluorescent dye for labeling was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Bacterial strains used were DH5alpha (Invitrogen, St. Louis, MO, USA), BL21 pLysS (DE3) E. coli (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), and XL1-Blue (Stratagene, St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatography columns were purchased from GE Healthcare (Marlborough, MA, USA).
5
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural Derivatives
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Furfural, FAL, and THFAL were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. They were used as substrates in reactions and/or as standard compounds for calibration of analytical instrument. Phosphoric acid (>85 wt%) and monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate (Sigma Aldrich) were used for the preparation of aqueous buffer solutions (pH 1.6–7). The catalyst used was Pd (5 wt%) supported on activated carbon (Pd/C; Sigma Aldrich), with the metal dispersion of 32% based on H2 chemisorption analysis. Note that Pd is a prospective catalyst to achieve high-performance hydrogenation and it forms the foundation of cost-effective catalyst design, such as the recent advance in the development of Pd single-atom catalysts and Pd-based alloy catalysts30 (link)–32 (link). Carbon support was chosen in this study because it is more chemically inert in aqueous solution compared to other common supports (e.g., zeolites, alumina), which minimizes the interference by any other possible active sites on the support itself. All chemicals were used as received.
6
Antimicrobial Peptide Efficacy Testing
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Etest ® strips were purchased from bioMerieux (North Carolina, USA). Ivacaftor was purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, USA), synthetic LL37 and synthetic HβD1-4 from Innovagen (Lund, Sweden) and recombinant human SLPI from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA); All AMPs were active. Tobramycin was obtained from Hospira (Warwickshire, UK). Ciprofloxacin (≥98% HPLC grade), monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, agarose (Type 1, low EEO), methanol (≥99.9% HPLC grade), crystal violet (for biofilm staining), Dulbeco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (endotoxin tested) and trypan blue were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK). Mueller Hinton agar (MHA), Mueller Hinton broth (MHB), Cetrimide agar, Anaerobe Basal agar (ABA) and Brain Heart infusion (BHI) broth were all purchased from Oxoid Ltd (Basingstoke, UK). Sterile, defibrinated horse blood was purchased from TCS Biosciences (Buckingham, UK). Xylazine (Xylacare 2% w/v) and Ketamine (Narketan 10, 100g/L) were obtained from Animalcare (York, UK) and Ventoquinol (Buckinghamshire, UK), respectively. IL-6 and KC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from eBioscience (Hatfield, UK) and R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA), respectively.
7
Preparation of Saline Buffers and Coverslips
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Liquid detergent Decon 90 (Decon Laboratories™ Decon 90™) was provided by Fisher Scientific (Göteborg, Sweden). Sodium chloride (NaCl, purity 99.5%), sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic (purity 99.0%) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (purity 99.0%) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while trans 1, 2-bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethene (BPE) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Other chemicals were of analytical grade purity. Squared glass coverslips were provided by Carl Roth GmbH +Co. KG, (Karlsruhe, Germany).
In the preparation of saline buffers and cleaning of coverslips, ultrapure distilled water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was used, here named dd-water and produced by a Millipore Milli-Q water purification system (Molsheim, France).
In the preparation of saline buffers and cleaning of coverslips, ultrapure distilled water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was used, here named dd-water and produced by a Millipore Milli-Q water purification system (Molsheim, France).
8
Rapid Piezoelectric Biosensor Development
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An NP2.1 piezoelectric
system was purchased from GeSiM, Germany, with an Airwin BO-CT1 humidifier
from BOGA, Germany. A CO2 laser cutter (Versalaser 2.3)
was purchased from Universal Laser Systems, AZ. Nitrocellulose (NC)
membrane sheets of 0.45 μm pore size and 9 cm × 8 cm size
were obtained from Cytiva Life Sciences, MA. Polyethersulfone (PES)
syringe filters of pore size 0.2 μm were obtained from GE Healthcare.
Holders for the NC membrane sheets were CNC-machined (MDX-540, Roland)
in house at the Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University
of Arizona—College of Medicine, Phoenix. Yp11C7 (11C7) cAb,
YpF1 antigen (F1), and gold nanoparticle-labeled Yp3F2 (AuNP-3F2)
detection antibody (dAb) were produced in house by the AuCoin Laboratory
at the University of Nevada, Reno. Goat anti-mouse IgM + IgA + IgG
control antibody reagent was purchased from Southern Biotech, Birmingham,
Al. Ponceau S staining solution, PBS, sodium phosphate monobasic and
dibasic, and BSA were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Triton X-100 was
obtained from Promega. An optical imager CanoScan 9000F Mark II was
obtained from Canon. Syringe pumps were obtained from New Era Pump
Systems, Inc. Luer-Lock syringes of 5 mL capacity were obtained from
Becton, Dickinson and Company.
system was purchased from GeSiM, Germany, with an Airwin BO-CT1 humidifier
from BOGA, Germany. A CO2 laser cutter (Versalaser 2.3)
was purchased from Universal Laser Systems, AZ. Nitrocellulose (NC)
membrane sheets of 0.45 μm pore size and 9 cm × 8 cm size
were obtained from Cytiva Life Sciences, MA. Polyethersulfone (PES)
syringe filters of pore size 0.2 μm were obtained from GE Healthcare.
Holders for the NC membrane sheets were CNC-machined (MDX-540, Roland)
in house at the Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University
of Arizona—College of Medicine, Phoenix. Yp11C7 (11C7) cAb,
YpF1 antigen (F1), and gold nanoparticle-labeled Yp3F2 (AuNP-3F2)
detection antibody (dAb) were produced in house by the AuCoin Laboratory
at the University of Nevada, Reno. Goat anti-mouse IgM + IgA + IgG
control antibody reagent was purchased from Southern Biotech, Birmingham,
Al. Ponceau S staining solution, PBS, sodium phosphate monobasic and
dibasic, and BSA were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Triton X-100 was
obtained from Promega. An optical imager CanoScan 9000F Mark II was
obtained from Canon. Syringe pumps were obtained from New Era Pump
Systems, Inc. Luer-Lock syringes of 5 mL capacity were obtained from
Becton, Dickinson and Company.
9
Recombinant H3N2 Influenza Protein Production
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Recombinant truncated NA protein from the A/Perth/16/2009 H3N2 strain of influenza virus was produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. The recombinant protein was secreted and purified from clarified supernatants, yielding a homogeneous SEC profile with a major peak corresponding to the molecular size of the tetramer.
Sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, potassium phosphate dibasic (all ACS reagents) and monobasic (molecular grade), sodium chloride and sucrose (both BioXtra, ≥ 99.5%), were purchased from Sigma.
Sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, potassium phosphate dibasic (all ACS reagents) and monobasic (molecular grade), sodium chloride and sucrose (both BioXtra, ≥ 99.5%), were purchased from Sigma.
10
Chitosan-based Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization
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Chitosan (low
molecular weight) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Methoxy polyethylene
glycol acid (mPEG-COOH, M.W. 2000) was purchased from Advanced BioChemicals,
LLC, USA. Beta (β)-glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate, hydroxyproline,
carboxymethyl cellulose, hydrochloric acid, potassium phosphate monobasic
and dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, pyrogallol, and
sulfanilamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Acetic acid
(Fisher Scientific, USA), standard Flaminal Hydro (Flen Health, Belgium),
Folin–Ciocalteu (Merck, Germany), trichloroAcetic acid (Smart
Lab, Indonesia), Chloramine-T solution, Ehrlich's reagent (Medilines,
Pakistan), nutrient agar (HiMedia Laboratories, India), and all other
chemicals used were of analytical grade.
molecular weight) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Methoxy polyethylene
glycol acid (mPEG-COOH, M.W. 2000) was purchased from Advanced BioChemicals,
LLC, USA. Beta (β)-glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate, hydroxyproline,
carboxymethyl cellulose, hydrochloric acid, potassium phosphate monobasic
and dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, pyrogallol, and
sulfanilamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Acetic acid
(Fisher Scientific, USA), standard Flaminal Hydro (Flen Health, Belgium),
Folin–Ciocalteu (Merck, Germany), trichloroAcetic acid (Smart
Lab, Indonesia), Chloramine-T solution, Ehrlich's reagent (Medilines,
Pakistan), nutrient agar (HiMedia Laboratories, India), and all other
chemicals used were of analytical grade.
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