Gdcl3

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Japan

GdCl3 is a chemical compound that consists of gadolinium and chlorine. It is a white or pale yellow crystalline solid. GdCl3 is commonly used in various laboratory applications, such as in research and analysis.

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Lab products found in correlation

48 protocols using gdcl3

Gadolinium Pretreatment in Sepsis Models

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Eight-week old mice were treated with saline or 20 mg/kg gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃, 2 mg/ml) from Sigma-Aldrich via tail vein injection. Twenty-four hours later, mice were again given the same dose of GdCl₃ before being treated with 5 mg/kg of LPS by i.p. injection or subjected to CLP. Mice were sacrificed 12 h after LPS or CLP treatment.

Chai X., Guo Y., Jiang M., Hu B., Li Z., Fan J., Deng M., Billiar T.R., Kucera H., Gaikwad N.W., Xu M., Lu P., Yan J., Fu H., Liu Y., Yu L., Huang M., Zeng S, & Xie W. (2015). Estrogen sulfotransferase ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis. Nature communications, 6, 7979.

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Ginsenoside Rg1 Signaling Pathway

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Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) was purchased from the Nanjin Jingzhu Biotechnology Company. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), verapamil, 2-APB and GdCl₃ were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). NPS2143(CaSR inhibitor) was obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). IP3R antibody was purchased from AbSci (Baltimore, MD, USA). NFAT-3 antibody, TGF-β1 antibody and Smad2 antibody were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). CaSR antibody, CaN antibody, type I collagen antibody, type III collagen antibody and β-actin antibody were obtained from Proteintech Biotechnology.

Lu M.L., Wang J., Sun Y., Li C., Sun T.R., Hou X.W, & Wang H.X. (2021). Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates mechanical stress-induced cardiac injury via calcium sensing receptor-related pathway. Journal of Ginseng Research, 45(6), 683-694.

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Antibody Characterization and Immunodetection

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Necrostatin-1 was bought from Tocris. Propidium iodide, DCFH-DA, GdCl₃ and LPS were bought from Sigma. ATP detecting and TUNEL staining kits were from Promega. LPS, z-VAD and human TNFα were from R & D system. IFN-γ and IL-4 were from Peprotech. The source and dilution of antibodies were included in Table 1.Table 1

Information for primary antibodies used

Antibodies	Hosts	Dilutions	Sources
Anti-Arginase1	Goat	IHC 1:50, WB 1:200	Santa Cruz
Anti-Beclin1	Mouse	IHC 1:200, WB 1:500	Cell Signaling
Anti-β-actin	Mouse	WB 1:50000	Sigma
Anti-CC1	Mouse	IHC1:500	Millipore
Anti-GFAP	Mouse	IHC1:500	Millipore
	Rabbit	IHC1:1000	Dako
Anti-HMGB1	Rabbit	IHC 1:100, WB 1:500	Proteintech
Anti-iNOS	Mouse	IHC 1:200, WB 1:500	BD
Anti-Lamp2a	Rabbit	IHC1:200	Abcam
Anti-LC3	Mouse	IHC1:500	Cell Signaling
Anti-MLKL	Rat	IHC 1:200, WB 1:500	Millipore
anti-pMLKL	Rabbit	IHC1:300	Abcam
Anti-MyD88	Rabbit	IHC 1:50, WB 1:200	Abcam
Anti-NeuN	Mouse	IHC1:500	Millipore
Anti-OX42	Mouse	IHC1:200	Abcam
Anti-RIP3	Rabbit	IHC 1:200, WB 1:500	Enzo
	Rabbit	WB 1:500	Abcam
Anti-TLR2	Rabbit	IHC1:100, WB 1:200	EPITOMICS
Anti-TLR4	Mouse	IHC 1:200, WB 1:500	Abcam
Anti-YFP	Goat	IHC1:600	Rockland

Fan H., Zhang K., Shan L., Kuang F., Chen K., Zhu K., Ma H., Ju G, & Wang Y.Z. (2016). Reactive astrocytes undergo M1 microglia/macrohpages-induced necroptosis in spinal cord injury. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 11, 14.

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Gadolinium Pretreatment in Sepsis Models

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Visualizing Hechtian Strands in Plants

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Chemicals were exogenously applied by incubating 5-day-old seedlings in liquid 1/10th strength MS medium and supplementing them with 500 µM LaCl₃ (Sigma-Aldrich), 500 µM GdCl₃ (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mM EGTA (Sigma-Aldrich), or 25 μM oryzalin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h or 16 h, or with 250 µM bis-(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid (BAPTA) (Sigma-Aldrich) or 1 µM latrunculin B (Abcam) for 2 h or 16 h. The duration of the treatments was based on the general toxicity caused by the different chemical compounds in plants. To visualize Hechtian strands, 5-day-old cotyledon epidermal cells expressing the different markers were plasmolyzed for 4 h using 0.4 M mannitol. The images are an overlay of propidium iodide-stained cell walls with the localization of the GFP fusion proteins in green.

Lee E., Santana B.V., Samuels E., Benitez-Fuente F., Corsi E., Botella M.A., Perez-Sancho J., Vanneste S., Friml J., Macho A., Azevedo A.A, & Rosado A. (2020). Rare earth elements induce cytoskeleton-dependent and PI4P-associated rearrangement of SYT1/SYT5 endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact site complexes in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(14), 3986-3998.

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Biochemical Analysis of Adamantyl Quinoxaline

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Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid adamantan-1-ylamide (NPS2390, CAS number 226878-01-9) was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN), GdCl₃ (product number 43977-0) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Anti-OPN (ab36125), anti-phospho-ERK (ab21396), and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against KIM-1 were obtained from Abcam (Abcam Inc., Boston, MA). Antibodies against the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR, sc33821, rabbit) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; sc32233, mouse) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled annexin V (annexin V-FITC) was obtained from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO). An ECL chemiluminescence kit (WBKLS0500) was obtained from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA).

Li X., Chen S., Feng D., Fu Y., Wu H., Lu J, & Bao J. (2021). Calcium-sensing receptor promotes calcium oxalate crystal adhesion and renal injury in Wistar rats by promoting ROS production and subsequent regulation of PS ectropion, OPN, KIM-1, and ERK expression. Renal Failure, 43(1), 465-476.

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Ion Channel Assay Reagents and Plasmid

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N‐methyl, D‐glucamine (NMDG), adenosine 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (ATP), 1,2‐bis(o‐aminophenoxy)etane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), 1‐(4‐aminobenzyl) ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetra acetic acid (AM‐EDTA), ethyleneglycol‐bis(β‐aminoethyl)‐ N,N,N′,N′‐ tetra acetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetra acetic acid (EDTA), hemin, HEPES, and GdCl₃ were purchased from Sigma and SK&F96365, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) and ruthenium red (RR) from Calbiochem, and FTY720 from Cayman Chemical, respectively.
pTER⁺ was kindly provided by Dr. M. van de Wetering (Hubrecht Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Netherlands).

Takahashi K., Umebayashi C., Numata T., Honda A., Ichikawa J., Hu Y., Yamaura K, & Inoue R. (2018). TRPM7‐mediated spontaneous Ca2+ entry regulates the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemia cell line K562. Physiological Reports, 6(14), e13796.

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Doxycycline and GdCl3 Treatment in Mice

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All mice had free access to water and chow diet (<0.02% cholesterol; Prolab RMH 3000, PMI Feeds Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) until they were used for the studies. Doxycycline (Sigma, Kawasaki City, Japan) was administered in the drinking water at 2 mg/mL in 5% sucrose, every 3 days, from P49–P56. GdCl₃ (Sigma, Kawasaki City, Japan) was injected at 10 mg/Kg i.v. (dissolved in NaCl 0.9%) on days 49 and 53, and tissues and the liver enzymes were processed on day 56. India ink injections were administered i.v. 30 min before sacrificing the animals as previously described [57 (link)].

Klein A.D., Oyarzún J.E., Cortez C, & Zanlungo S. (2018). Gadolinium Chloride Rescues Niemann–Pick Type C Liver Damage. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(11), 3599.

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Detailed Characterization of Chelating Agents

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Unless otherwise stated, all reagents were used without further purification. Xylenol orange, meglumine, L-(+)-lactic acid, sodium acetate, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione, GdCl₃ and DTPA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. DOTA, and Gd-DOTA were purchased from Macrocyclics. All oligonucleotides were purchased from IDTDNA. Modified oligonucleotides (biotinylated, fluorescein and dabcyl tagged) are ordered purified via reverse-phase HPLC. D-glucose monohydrate, HEPES, Na₂HPO₄, NaH₂PO₄, NaHCO₃, NaCl, KCl, HCl, NaOH, MnCl₂.4H₂O, CaCl₂, NiCl₂.6H₂O were obtained from Fisher Chemical. FeCl₂.4H₂O, CuCl, CuCl₂.2H₂O, FeCl₃, MgCl₂, ZnCl₂, CrCl₃ from Acros Organics, CoCl₂.6H₂O from Spectrum Chemicals, Na₂CO₃.H₂O from JT Baker, and NaHSO₄.H₂O from Alfa Aesar. Magnevist® (Bayer) and Ablavar® (Lantheus Medical Imaging) were kindly donated by the University of California San Francisco Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.

Edogun O., Nguyen N.H, & Halim M. (2016). Fluorescent single-stranded DNA-based assay for detecting unchelated Gadolinium(III) ions in aqueous solution. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 408(15), 4121-4131.

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Hyperfolin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complexation

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Hyperfolin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was prepared by the complexation of hyperforin (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD; CycloChem, Tokyo, Japan) as described below. The other chemicals and reagents were as follows: carbenoxolone disodium salt (CBX), apyrase (from potato), GdCl₃, U73122, and Cremophor EL (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); ionomycin (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA); suramin hexasodium (RBI, Natick, MA); GsMTx-4 (Peptide Institute, Osaka, Japan); diC8-PIP₂ (Echelon Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT); dispase (Godo Shusei, Tokyo, Japan); Fluo-8 AM (AAT Bioquest, Sunnyvale, CA); Cellmatrix type IA (Nitta Gelatin, Osaka, Japan); Lipofectamine (18324, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA); DME/F12 (D9785; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); FBS (12483; Gibco, Carlsbad, CA).

Takada H., Yonekawa J., Matsumoto M., Furuya K, & Sokabe M. (2017). Hyperforin/HP-β-Cyclodextrin Enhances Mechanosensitive Ca2+ Signaling in HaCaT Keratinocytes and in Atopic Skin Ex Vivo Which Accelerates Wound Healing. BioMed Research International, 2017, 8701801.

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