The visual threshold was assessed by OKR recording using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Lethbridge, AB, Canada), as previously described [28 (link)]. Briefly, mice were surrounded by a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines rotating at varying frequencies, and their tracking behavior was assessed by an investigator blinded to mouse groups and treatment. Visual function is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track a rotating cylinder consisting of 100% contrast grating. Because tracking is a temporal to nasal-specific reflex, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations selectively test the right eye and the left eye, respectively.
Optometry software and apparatus
Manufactured by Cerebral Mechanics
Sourced in Canada
The Optometry software and apparatus is a comprehensive suite of digital tools designed for eye care professionals. It enables the assessment, diagnosis, and management of various vision conditions. The software integrates advanced algorithms and data analysis capabilities to support efficient patient care. The accompanying hardware components facilitate precise measurements and examinations. This product offers a streamlined and technology-driven approach to modern optometric practices.
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7 protocols using optometry software and apparatus
1
Visual Function Assessment in Mice
2
Measuring Visual Acuity Threshold in Mice
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Visual acuity threshold was measured daily by OKT response using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Alberta, Canada) as previously described [14 (link)]. Mice were placed on a raised platform surrounded by a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines at 100% contrast rotating at varying frequencies. Mice were observed through a camera, and tracking behavior was assessed by an investigator blinded to the treatments. Visual acuity is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track the rotating cylinder. Because tracking is a temporal to the nasal-specific reflex, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotation exclusively test right and left eye, respectively.
3
Measuring Visual Acuity in Mice
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Visual acuity threshold was measured daily with the optokinetic tracking (OKT) response using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Alberta, Canada) as previously described [7 (link),14 (link)]. Briefly, mice were surrounded by a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines rotating at varying frequencies, and tracking behavior was assessed by an investigator blinded to genotype. Visual acuity is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track the rotating cylinder. Because tracking is a temporal to nasal-specific reflex, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations exclusively test the right eye and the left eye, respectively. Occasionally, the mice were too unsteady due to motor deficits to adequately perform OKT analysis, in which case a measurement was not recorded for that mouse on that day.
4
Optokinetic Tracking for Visual Acuity
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Visual acuity threshold was measured daily by optokinetic tracking (OKT) response using Optometry software and apparatus (CerebralMechanics Inc., Medicine Hat, AB T1A 5K6, Canada), as previously described [8 (link),9 (link),11 (link)]. Briefly, the mice were surrounded by a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines rotating at varying frequencies, and tracking behavior was assessed. Visual acuity is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which the mice track the rotating cylinder. Because optokinetic tracking is a temporal-to-nasal reflex, counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations exclusively test the right and left eyes, respectively. Occasionally, EAE-induced motor deficits left mice without the balance and stability to adequately perform OKT testing. In these instances, a measurement was not recorded for the affected mouse on that day.
5
Optometric Tracking for Visual Acuity
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The visual acuity threshold was measured daily with the optokinetic tracking (OKT) response using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Medicine Hat, AB, Canada) as described [45 (link),46 (link)]. Briefly, mice situated on a pedestal within a four-sided chamber were presented with vertical sine-wave gratings moving at 12°/s or gray of the same mean luminance. The grating rotation elicited reflexive tracking, which was scored via live video using a method-of-limits procedure with a yes/no criterion. Spatial resolution was taken as the asymptote of a staircase procedure. The two eyes were tested in an interleaved fashion. In situations where the mice were unsteady due to motor deficits to adequately perform OKT analysis, the measurement was not recorded for that mouse on that day.
6
Optokinetic Responses in EAE Mice
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Optokinetic responses (OKR) were used to assess visual function in control and EAE mice treated with or without MP201. OKR were measured as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track a 100% contrast grating projected at varying spatial frequencies using OptoMetry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Medicine Hat, AB, Canada), as in prior studies [11 (link), 38 (link)]. Data are reported as cyc/deg.
7
Measuring Visual Acuity in Mice
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Visual acuity threshold was measured daily by OKT response using Optometry software and apparatus (Cerebral Mechanics Inc., Alberta, Canada) as previously described (35 (link)–37 (link)). Briefly, mice are placed on a pedestal inside a box with a virtual cylinder consisting of vertical lines projected on four computer screens of the box surrounding the animal. The vertical lines rotate at varying frequencies, and tracking behavior is assessed in a stepwise manner as the thickness of the lines are reduced. Visual acuity is represented as the highest spatial frequency at which mice track the rotating cylinder. Optokinetic tracking is a temporal-to-nasal reflex, and therefore counter-clockwise and clockwise rotations exclusively test the right and left eye, respectively. When EAE-induced motor deficits rendered mice without the balance and stability to adequately perform OKT testing, a measurement was not recorded for the affected mouse on that day.
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