PET scans were performed with a Biograph mCT Flow (Siemens Medical Solutions USA), which provided an axial FOV of 300 mm and 111 contiguous 2.0 mm-thick slices. A 6.56 s transmission scan was performed for AC, and a 60 s intravenous injection of [11C]K-2 (367.8 ± 9.5 MBq) was administered, followed by an emission scan of 60 min with 35 frames. Dynamic images were reconstructed with 3D-OSEM using four iterations, 24 subsets, a 200 matrix, a zoom factor 2.0, and a 3.0 mm Gaussian filter. Each participant underwent MRI with the 3D MPRAGE protocol on a MAGNETOM Prisma (SIEMENS Healthineers) at the University of Tokyo. 3D-T1WI images were acquired using the following parameters: voxel size = 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.8 mm, TR/TE = 2400/2.22 ms, FA = 8°, FOV = 208 mm, matrix = 300 × 320.
Biograph mct flow
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in United States, Germany
The Biograph mCT Flow is a medical imaging device designed for positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans. It combines PET and CT technologies to provide accurate imaging for clinical diagnosis and research purposes. The core function of the Biograph mCT Flow is to acquire high-quality images of the body's internal structures and processes.
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24 protocols using biograph mct flow
1
Multimodal Neuroimaging of [11C]K-2 PET and 3D-MPRAGE MRI
2
Optimized Imaging Protocol for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
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68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans were performed on a Biograph mCT Flow® machine (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Acquisition was made on Flow mode (0.7 mm/sec) in 3D mode, with 3 mm slice thickness. Each patient was advised to have an empty rectum prior to PET/CT. Body-weighted 68Ga-PSMA-11 activity was intravenously administered (activity range: 100–200 MBq). Patients were required to drink 0.5 to 1 L of water during the uptake time to dilute the concentration of 68Ga-PSMA-11 in the urinary tract.
According to EANM guidelines, images started 60 ± 10 min after 68Ga-PSMA-11 injection [9 (link)].
PET/CT scan was performed with patients in the supine position on a carbon fiber flatbed, immobilized with a belly board device to allow for radiotherapy CT registration. A PET/CT scan was performed from the skull vertex to mid-thigh. A low-dose CT scan was performed for attenuation correction of the PET emission data.
In patients with a doubtful finding and/or significant bladder stagnation, a late acquisition was performed (about 120 ± 20 min after the tracer injection).
According to EANM guidelines, images started 60 ± 10 min after 68Ga-PSMA-11 injection [9 (link)].
PET/CT scan was performed with patients in the supine position on a carbon fiber flatbed, immobilized with a belly board device to allow for radiotherapy CT registration. A PET/CT scan was performed from the skull vertex to mid-thigh. A low-dose CT scan was performed for attenuation correction of the PET emission data.
In patients with a doubtful finding and/or significant bladder stagnation, a late acquisition was performed (about 120 ± 20 min after the tracer injection).
3
Assessing Arterial Wall Inflammation with 18F-FDG PET/CT
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To assess arterial wall inflammation at baseline and after 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed on a PET/CT scanner (Biograph mCT Flow, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). After a fasting period of at least 6 h, 100 MBq of 18F-FDG was administered intravenously. 90 min post-infusion, a low-dose, non-contrast-enhanced CT-scan (40 mAs) was performed for attenuation correction and anatomic co-registration. As described previously, arterial 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated in the left and right carotid artery and the ascending and descending aorta16 (link),17 (link). The carotid artery with the highest 18F-FDG uptake at baseline was identified as the index carotid. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated from the ratio of arterial standardized uptake value (SUV) and venous background uptake (arterial SUV/ mean background SUV)16 (link),17 (link). The venous background activity was derived from the superior vena cava (for aortic SUV correction) and ipsilateral internal jugular veins (for carotid SUV correction). The most diseased segment (MDS) was determined by calculating the mean of the maximum TBR of the three adjacent slides with the highest TBR (MDS TBR). Readers, blinded for temporal sequence, using dedicated software (Hybrid Viewer version 4.17, Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) analyzed the PET/CT images.
4
Standardized PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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All patients were required to fast at least for 6 h and maintain adequate hydration before the scan. Diabetic patients had blood glucose measured before FDG delivery. Those patients with fasting glucose above 200 mg/dl were postponed until proper therapy was established. The FDG injection (1 mCi/10Kg) was performed 60 min before image acquisitions. Two dedicated PET/CT systems (Siemens Biograph mCT Flow and Siemens Biograph 16S, respectively at Ferrara and Padova hospital) were used. Data acquired with the CT scan were used for attenuation correction and fused with PET images. PET/CT data were reconstructed using a dedicated commercial workstation along axial, coronal and sagittal.
5
FDG PET/CT Imaging Protocol for Patients
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For FDG PET/CT imaging, all patients ingested nothing but water for about 6 h. The serum glucose level was checked before the injection of the radiotracer to ensure a level under 200 mg/dl. One hour after intravenous injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) of FDG, images were acquired by a PET/CT scanner (Biograph mCT flow, Siemens, Germany) as patients were in supine position. A non-contrast-enhanced low-dose CT (120 kVp, CARE Dose, pitch 0.8; reconstructed with a soft tissue kernel, slice thickness 3 mm (for CT images) or 5 mm (for attenuation correction CT), increment 2 mm) was performed first. Subsequently, PET was started in 3-dimmensional mode (matrix 200 × 200, flow motion: 0.7 cm/min (head and neck), 1.2 cm/min (trunk), 2.1 cm/min (legs)). The emission data were corrected for randoms, scatter, and decay, then were reconstructed with an ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm (2 iterations/21 subsets, with application of point spread function, time-of-flight, and gaussian filtering to a transaxial resolution of 5 mm at full-width at half-maximum). Attenuation correction was performed by using CT data.
6
Zr-chDAB4 PET Imaging in Lung Cancer
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Based on the demonstration of superior preclinical PET imaging qualities of the [89Zr]Zr-labeled DFO-Sq conjugate of chDAB4 compared to its DFO-pPhe-NCS conjugate [41 ], we adopted the DFO-Sq conjugate of chDAB4 in a recently commenced phase I clinical PET imaging trial of [89Zr]Zr-chDAB4. This trial was approved by the Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee and is registered as No. 12620000622909 29/05/2020 with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379693 . Patients with advanced lung cancer received a single intravenous injection of a 1.2 mg mass dose of the DFO-Sq conjugate of chDAB4, which had been labeled with 37 MBq [89Zr]ZrIV. Patients underwent serial PET/CT scans on a Siemens Biograph mCT Flow after having a standard FDG-PET/CT scan on the same scanner within the previous 7–14 days. All patients provided and signed informed consent to participate in the study.
7
FDG and DOTATOC PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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The patients were required to fast for at least 6–8 h and maintain adequate hydration before the FDG PET/CT scans. Diabetic patients had their blood glucose measured before FDG delivery, and those with values above 200 mg/dL were rescheduled. Images were acquired 50–70 min after FDG injection (3.5 MBq/Kg) using a standard technique on a dedicated 3D PET/CT system (Biograph mCT Flow; Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA, USA). A concomitant low-dose CT scan (120 kV and 80 mA/s) was performed for the attenuation correction of the PET emission data acquired from the mid-thigh to the skull vertex.
[68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was performed 50–70 min after the intravenous administration of a mean dose of 150 ± 50 MBq of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, using the same tomograph and acquisition protocol described above. The two PET/CT scans were obtained on two different days, within three weeks.
[68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was performed 50–70 min after the intravenous administration of a mean dose of 150 ± 50 MBq of [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, using the same tomograph and acquisition protocol described above. The two PET/CT scans were obtained on two different days, within three weeks.
8
FDOPA PET Imaging Protocol for Brain Assessment
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The patients were required to fast at least 4 h before undergoing the imaging protocol. Unenhanced CT (2 mm reconstructed section thickness using iterative method, 512 × 512 matrix; pitch index, 0.55) was performed with automated tube current modulation (CARE Dose4D) and automated tube voltage selection (CARE kV) followed by a PET acquisition using list-mode acquisition with a single field of view centered on the brain (Siemens Healthcare Biograph mCT Flow, Erlangen, Germany). Hundred and forty-nine MBq (range 122–192) of FDOPA were slowly administered intravenously, without carbidopa premedication. Positron-emission tomography images were reconstructed with attenuation correction, without point-spread function correction, using a fully 3D ordered-subset expectation maximization algorithm (8 iterations and 21 subsets) with a 400 × 400, matrix and 4 mm kernel convolution filter. Voxel size (XYZ) was 1 × 1 × 2 mm3. A 20-min static image 10 min after injection in accordance with current recommendations (23 (link)) and an optimal dynamic time sampling of 8 × 15 s-−2 × 30 s-−2 × 60 s-−3 × 300 s from the bolus arrival time (24 (link)) were reconstructed from a 40-min list-mode acquisition immediately after FDOPA injection.
9
PET/MR Imaging of [18F]PSS232 and PET/CT Acquisition of [18F]Florbetapir and [18F]FDG
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[18F]PSS232 PET/MR scans were collected on a 3T PET/MR (uPMR790, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China). A 30-min static PET/MR scan started at 30-min post-injection of [18F]PSS232 (~3.7 MBq/kg body weight), while a 3D Dixon sequence was acquired for attenuation correction and a T1 weighted MR scan was simultaneously acquired using the following parameters: repetition time = 7200 ms, echo time = 3.0 ms, flip angle = 10°, trans axial acquisition matrix = 256 × 329, in-plane resolution = 1 mm × 1 mm, slice thickness = 1 mm, sagittal slice = 176 [24 (link)].
Data acquisition of [18F]Florbetapir and [18F]FDG was conducted using PET/CT scanners (Biograph mCT Flow, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with parameters previously described [25 (link), 26 (link)]. Twenty-minute scans were conducted at 50 minutes post-injection of ~3.7 MBq/kg (± 10%) of [18F]florbetapir intravenously. A 10-minute scan was at 50 min post-injection of ~5.55 MBq/kg (± 10%) of [18F]FDG. After the acquisition, the PET images were reconstructed by a filtered back-projection algorithm with corrections for decay, normalization, dead time, photon attenuation, scatter and random coincidences[27 (link)].
Data acquisition of [18F]Florbetapir and [18F]FDG was conducted using PET/CT scanners (Biograph mCT Flow, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with parameters previously described [25 (link), 26 (link)]. Twenty-minute scans were conducted at 50 minutes post-injection of ~3.7 MBq/kg (± 10%) of [18F]florbetapir intravenously. A 10-minute scan was at 50 min post-injection of ~5.55 MBq/kg (± 10%) of [18F]FDG. After the acquisition, the PET images were reconstructed by a filtered back-projection algorithm with corrections for decay, normalization, dead time, photon attenuation, scatter and random coincidences[27 (link)].
10
Standardized FBB-PET Imaging Protocol
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Static 18F‐Florbetaben (FBB) PET19 , 20 was performed in all the participants. FBB was manufactured according to good manufacturing practice at Keio University Hospital using an automated synthesizer (Synthera V2; IBA). PET imaging was performed in a PET/CT system (Siemens Biograph mCT or Siemens Biograph mCT flow, Munich, Germany; note that both equipments have equal competence, since we did not use the “flow‐motion” setting for the brain scans), with the images acquired at 90–110 min post‐injection of FBB (injected radioactivity, 308 ± 13 MBq, and molar activity, 221 ± 80 GBq/μmol), as previously described.21 The acquired images were visually assessed as being β‐amyloid‐positive or β‐amyloid‐negative by a neuroradiologist who completed a required training.22
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