B6 and ApoE4-KI mice were anesthetized with 170 mg/kg propofol (Provine % [w/v], Baxter, Gujarat, India) delivered via retro-orbital injection (Figure 1B ). The induction dose of propofol was 50 mg/kg and to maintain general anesthesia, 10 mg/kg was injected six times (every 10 min). The onset of anesthesia was marked by a reduced righting reflex and loss of the pedal withdrawal reflex. After induction, the pedal withdrawal reflex was tested 5 min. The absence of a response to a noxious stimulation was determined by a negative toe pinch response. We noninvasively monitored the blood pressure of the tail artery (BP-98A; Softron, Tokyo, Japan) and oxygen saturation (SpO2, percutaneous oxygen saturation). The body temperature was maintained at 37°C at all times. The total anesthesia duration was up to 2 h. After shaving the surgical site and sterilizing it with povidone-iodine solution, a median abdominal incision (approximately 1.5 cm) was made in the peritoneal cavity (Figure 1C ), followed by insertion of a sterile probe and gentle manipulation of the viscera for 3 min (Figure 1D ). Sterile 4–0 silk thread sutures were then used to close the peritoneal lining and the skin. All surgeries were performed by a single operator; each procedure required 10 min. After surgery, the mice were placed on heated pads and, after recovery, were returned to their cages (Figure 1E ).
Propofol
Manufactured by Baxter
Sourced in United States
Propofol is a general anesthetic medication used to induce and maintain anesthesia. It is a clear, colorless, and oily liquid that is administered intravenously. Propofol works by depressing the central nervous system, resulting in a loss of consciousness and a lack of response to external stimuli.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using propofol
1
Anesthesia and Surgery Protocol for Mice
2
Sevoflurane Exposure and Propofol Response
3
Respiratory Mechanics in Developing Lambs
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As previously described,
18 (link) respiratory system mechanics were assessed in anesthetized (IV propofol, 6 mg/kg/h, Baxter Corporation, Mississauga, ON, Canada), curarized (one succinylcholine bolus, 2 mg/kg, Teligent Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and ventilated lambs using a Servo‐i ventilator (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany). Respiratory measurements were repeated every month in each animal from birth up to 3 months of life. First, the dynamic respiratory system compliance was computed on 10 respiratory cycles in the volume control mode (tidal volume: 10–12 mL/kg, RR: 40/min, PEEP: 0 cmH2O, FiO2: 30%). Afterward, the maximal inspiratory capacity was measured by inflating the lungs with a positive pressure of 30 cmH2O. Finally, the pressure‐volume curve of the respiratory system was computed by progressively inflating the lungs from 5 to 20 cmH2O followed by a stepwise deflation down to 5 cmH2O. The static compliance was measured at each 5 cmH2O increment/decrement step. Given that the upper inflection point of the pressure‐volume curve was below the 20 cmH2O pressure level, the static compliance values were averaged without including this level. In this way, our static compliance values are within both the lower (above the functional residual capacity) and upper inflection point. No measurable hysteresis was observed during these measurements.
19 (link)
18 (link) respiratory system mechanics were assessed in anesthetized (IV propofol, 6 mg/kg/h, Baxter Corporation, Mississauga, ON, Canada), curarized (one succinylcholine bolus, 2 mg/kg, Teligent Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and ventilated lambs using a Servo‐i ventilator (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany). Respiratory measurements were repeated every month in each animal from birth up to 3 months of life. First, the dynamic respiratory system compliance was computed on 10 respiratory cycles in the volume control mode (tidal volume: 10–12 mL/kg, RR: 40/min, PEEP: 0 cmH2O, FiO2: 30%). Afterward, the maximal inspiratory capacity was measured by inflating the lungs with a positive pressure of 30 cmH2O. Finally, the pressure‐volume curve of the respiratory system was computed by progressively inflating the lungs from 5 to 20 cmH2O followed by a stepwise deflation down to 5 cmH2O. The static compliance was measured at each 5 cmH2O increment/decrement step. Given that the upper inflection point of the pressure‐volume curve was below the 20 cmH2O pressure level, the static compliance values were averaged without including this level. In this way, our static compliance values are within both the lower (above the functional residual capacity) and upper inflection point. No measurable hysteresis was observed during these measurements.
19 (link)
4
Randomized Canine Anesthetic Comparison
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This was a two-stage, cross-over, 1:1 randomization, two active treatment arms experimental study, and all dogs were used. Dogs were randomly assigned to either treatment sequence via its chronical order of the study participants that the first five dogs received alfaxalone first while the last five dogs received the Propofol first. The order of the dogs receiving the treatment in each stage were then randomly assigned via lottery. There are five dogs in each treatment arm, providing an even distribution of each anesthetic agent at each stage. Propofol (Propofol 10 mg/ml, Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) and alfaxalone (Alfaxan 10 mg/ml, Jurox Pty Ltd., Kansas City, MO, USA) were the anesthetic agents used.
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