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Parabacteroides distasonis

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Parabacteroides distasonis is a species of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria. It is a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum and is commonly found in the human gut microbiome. The core function of Parabacteroides distasonis is to serve as a reference strain for research and diagnostic purposes.

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7 protocols using parabacteroides distasonis

1

Characterization of Bacteroides fragilis Strains

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Bacterial DNA from the 84 feces samples and 192 bacterial isolates was obtained
using, respectively, the commercial QIAmp DNA Stool Mini Kit and QIAmp DNA Mini Kit
(QIAGEN), according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA was stored at −80 °C
until use.
The presence of B. fragilis in the fecal samples was detected by PCR
amplification with 16S rRNA primers. DNA from the bacterial isolates was amplified
with 16S-23S rRNA primers. All DNA samples positive for B. fragiliswere screened for the presence of ETBF and/or NTBF sequences. The oligonucleotide
pairs and amplification conditions used are described in Table 1.
All PCR assays were performed as follows: 1X PCR buffer, 50 mM MgCl2, 0.2
mM dNTP mix, 0.4 mM each primer, 0.5 U of Platinum Taq polymerase
(Invitrogen), and 1 ng of DNA. PCR products were analyzed by 1% agarose gel
electrophoresis, stained with 0.5 μg/mL of ethidium bromide and photographed under UV
light.
B. fragilis ATCC 43858 (ETBF pattern I, bft+) and ATCC 25285 (NTBF pattern III, bft-) were used, respectively, as positive and negative controls. The other
strains used as controls were: B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741,
B. vulgatus ATCC 8482, B. caccae ATCC 43185,
B. ovatus ATCC 8483, B. eggerthii ATCC 27754,
B. uniformis ATCC 8492, B. stercoris ATCC 43183,
Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503, and P.
merdae
ATCC 43184.
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2

Probiotics Modulate Gut Microbiome in Mice

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MMb, HMb, and GF mice received orally administered Paraprevotella clara, Bacteroides uniformis, SFB, Lactobacillus reuteri (BEI HM-102), Ruminococcus gnavus (ATCC 29149), MMb cx, HMb cx, Clostridium innocuum, or Clostridium immunis (100–150 μl; ~108–109 colony-forming units). P. clara, B. uniformis, C. innocuum, and C. immunis were isolated from the feces of HMb mice; SFB was previously obtained from Y. Umesaki (Yakult; Tokyo, Japan) and propagated in SFB-monocolonized mice at Harvard Medical School. Seven days later, the mice were challenged with DSS. In some experiments, fecal samples were collected before and 7 days after probiotic administration for microbiota analysis. For Reg3γ experiments, HMb mice received orally administered (150–200 μl; ~108–109 colony-forming units) Parabacteroides distasonis (ATCC 8503; control bacteria), R. gnavus (ATCC 29149), L. reuteri (BEI HM-102), Allobaculum stercoricanis (DSM 13633), Muribaculum intestinale (DSM 28989), or Lactobacillus vaginalis (DSM 5837). Mice were sacrificed 7 days later.
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3

Clostridium Strains Cultivation and Maintenance

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Clostridium difficile strain 630 (ATCC® BAA-1382-FZTM), Clostridium difficile strain 4118 (ATCC® BAA-1870TM), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC® 15579TM), Clostridium clostridioforme (ATCC® 25537TM), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (ATCC® 29148TM), Parabacteroides distasonis (ATCC® 8503TM) Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC® 33563TM), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC® 6051TM) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was provided by Dr. Kendra Rumbaugh. Bacteroides fragilis strain CL05T00C42, Bifidobacterium longum strain 44B, Bifidobacterium breve strain EX336960VC19, Lactobacillus reuteri strain CF48-3A, Lactobacillus johnsonii strain 135-1-CHN, and all other C. difficile isolates described in this study were from BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH.
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4

Culturing Synthetic Gut Microbiome

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Synthetic community strains were cultured in pre-reduced Mega Medium15 (link) or on EG Agar29 at 37 °C in an anaerobic chamber (Coy Laboratories, Grass Lake, MI, USA) with an atmosphere of 5% hydrogen, 10% CO2 and 85% N2. Synthetic community strains included Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492, Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482, Bacteroides caccae ATCC 43185, Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483, Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503, Eubacterium rectale ATCC 33656, Dorea longicatena DSM 13814, Ruminococcus torques ATCC 27756, and Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704. All strains were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), except D. longicatena DSM 13814, which was obtained from The Leibniz Institute DSMZ (Braunschweig, Germany).
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5

Probiotics Modulate Gut Microbiome in Mice

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MMb, HMb, and GF mice received orally administered Paraprevotella clara, Bacteroides uniformis, SFB, Lactobacillus reuteri (BEI HM-102), Ruminococcus gnavus (ATCC 29149), MMb cx, HMb cx, Clostridium innocuum, or Clostridium immunis (100–150 μl; ~108–109 colony-forming units). P. clara, B. uniformis, C. innocuum, and C. immunis were isolated from the feces of HMb mice; SFB was previously obtained from Y. Umesaki (Yakult; Tokyo, Japan) and propagated in SFB-monocolonized mice at Harvard Medical School. Seven days later, the mice were challenged with DSS. In some experiments, fecal samples were collected before and 7 days after probiotic administration for microbiota analysis. For Reg3γ experiments, HMb mice received orally administered (150–200 μl; ~108–109 colony-forming units) Parabacteroides distasonis (ATCC 8503; control bacteria), R. gnavus (ATCC 29149), L. reuteri (BEI HM-102), Allobaculum stercoricanis (DSM 13633), Muribaculum intestinale (DSM 28989), or Lactobacillus vaginalis (DSM 5837). Mice were sacrificed 7 days later.
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6

Parabacteroides distasonis Modulation in Acute Pancreatitis

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Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Cat. No. 8503, Rockville, USA) and cultured in 1490 medium under anaerobic conditions using an anaerobic chamber (GeneScience, E500, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. To detect the role of P. distasonis in AP, age- and sex-matched WT and Hpa-Tg littermates originating from the same breeders received a four-antibiotic cocktail (as previously described) once a day for 3 days to deplete the gut microbiota and then treated by oral gavage with P. distasonis (3 × 108 CFU/200 μL per mouse suspended in sterile 1490 medium) daily for 2 weeks. Equivalent sterile 1490 medium was used as vehicle control. The colonization of P. distasonis was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The mice were administered a Cn injection 1 day after the final gavage.
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7

Oral Administration of Parabacteroides distasonis

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Parabacteroides distasonis was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC8503), which was cultured in brain-heart infusion medium (Huankai, China) at 37 °C in an anaerobic chamber for 24 h. Bacterial pellets were collected by centrifuging at 8000×g for 10 min at 4 °C. After resuspended in sterilized oxygen-free PBS, cultured bacterial cells were administrated orally to mouse at 0.2 mL containing 2 × 108 CFU. The experimental groups were set as follows (n = 6): (1) control; (2) A+TP; (3) antibiotics+TP+Parabacteroides distasonis (A + TP + Pd.); (4) antibitoics + TP + heat-killed Parabacteroides distasonis (A + TP + Pd.-H). After antibiotics treatment for 7 days, A + TP, A + TP + Pd., and A + TP + Pd.-H groups were given Parabacteroides distasonis transplantation and TP treatment (0.1 mg/kg) daily for 14 days starting from the 8th day. Heat-killed Parabacteroides distasonis was treated parallelly.
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