Functional MRI data were acquired using a 3.0 T General Electric Signa MR750 MRI scanner at the VUMC in Amsterdam. The scanning included a sagittal three-dimensional T1-weighted scan for anatomical localization (256 × 256 matrix; voxel size = 1 × 0.977 × 0.977 mm; 172 sections). Functional images were obtained using a gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence (TR = 2100 ms; TE = 30 ms; field of view = 24 cm; 64 × 64 matrix; flip angle = 80°) with 40 ascending slices per volume (3.75 × 3.75 mm in-plane resolution; slice thickness = 2.8 mm; inter-slice gap = 0.2 mm).
Signa mr750
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The Signa MR750 is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system designed and manufactured by GE Healthcare. It is a high-performance MRI scanner that provides advanced imaging capabilities for a variety of clinical applications.
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17 protocols using signa mr750
1
Functional MRI Acquisition Protocol
2
Standardized MRI Diffusion Imaging Protocol
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The patients were examined on different 1.5T and 3T MR scanners. Seventy-six datasets were examined with a 1.5T scanner (Vision, Sonata, Avanto Fit, Aera, Espree, Symphony, Essenza from Siemens Healthineers; Signa from GE Healthcare; Titan from Toshiba; Achieva and Intera from Philips Healthcare) and 35 datasets with a 3T scanner (Skyra, Prisma fit, Trio, and Verio from Siemens Healthineers; Signa MR 750 from GE Healthcare). Data were collected at 38 different sites. The acquisition protocol included T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted sequences, which were used to precisely define the anatomical regions examined as described later and to derive the MLD MRI severity score. Due to the different sites and scanners, different DWI sequences were used. As ADC values correlate with the
b-value applied,
21 (link)
22 (link)
23 (link)
only diffusion sequences with relatively low b-value ≤ 1,000 s/mm
2(mean
b-value in patients: 895 s/mm
2; range, 700–1,000 s/mm
2) were used to derive ADC values. Spatial resolution varied between the sequences (median slice thickness: 5 mm; range: 2–7.2 mm).
Controls were all scanned with the same diffusion sequence (3T MR scanner;
b-value: 1,000 s/mm
2; voxel size: 2 × 2 × 2 mm).
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The patients were examined on different 1.5T and 3T MR scanners. Seventy-six datasets were examined with a 1.5T scanner (Vision, Sonata, Avanto Fit, Aera, Espree, Symphony, Essenza from Siemens Healthineers; Signa from GE Healthcare; Titan from Toshiba; Achieva and Intera from Philips Healthcare) and 35 datasets with a 3T scanner (Skyra, Prisma fit, Trio, and Verio from Siemens Healthineers; Signa MR 750 from GE Healthcare). Data were collected at 38 different sites. The acquisition protocol included T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted sequences, which were used to precisely define the anatomical regions examined as described later and to derive the MLD MRI severity score. Due to the different sites and scanners, different DWI sequences were used. As ADC values correlate with the
b-value applied,
21 (link)
22 (link)
23 (link)
only diffusion sequences with relatively low b-value ≤ 1,000 s/mm
2(mean
b-value in patients: 895 s/mm
2; range, 700–1,000 s/mm
2) were used to derive ADC values. Spatial resolution varied between the sequences (median slice thickness: 5 mm; range: 2–7.2 mm).
Controls were all scanned with the same diffusion sequence (3T MR scanner;
b-value: 1,000 s/mm
2; voxel size: 2 × 2 × 2 mm).
3
Multimodal fMRI with Respiratory Monitoring
4
Resting-state fMRI protocol for menstrual cycle
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The study was performed in the MRI room of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM. The fMRI scan was acquired using a 3.0-T GE Signa MR750 system (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, United States). All patients were scanned within the first 3 days of their menstrual period. Patients were instructed not to drink strong tea, coffee, or alcohol for 24 h before the MRI scan. After a 20-min break, the patients entered the MRI room in a calm state. Patients were asked to keep their eyes closed and remain awake but avoid psychological activity as much as possible during the scanning process. A head restraint was used to limit head movement, and earplugs were provided to reduce the noise.
The three scanning steps in turn were T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, rest 1, and rest 2. High-resolution T1-weighted gradient-echo images were obtained for anatomical reference using the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 2530 mm, echo time (TE) = 3.39 ms, field of view (FOV) = 256 mm × 256 mm, flip angle = 7°, slice thickness = 1 mm, resolution = 256 × 256. The resting-state functional images were obtained using an echo-planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, FOV = 240 mm × 240 mm, flip angle = 90°, slice thickness = 4 mm, resolution = 64 × 64.
The three scanning steps in turn were T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, rest 1, and rest 2. High-resolution T1-weighted gradient-echo images were obtained for anatomical reference using the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 2530 mm, echo time (TE) = 3.39 ms, field of view (FOV) = 256 mm × 256 mm, flip angle = 7°, slice thickness = 1 mm, resolution = 256 × 256. The resting-state functional images were obtained using an echo-planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, FOV = 240 mm × 240 mm, flip angle = 90°, slice thickness = 4 mm, resolution = 64 × 64.
5
In Situ Brain Imaging: Multimodal MRI Protocol
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In situ (brain still in cranium) imaging data were collected with a 3T whole-body MRI system (Signa, MR750; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) using an 8-channel head coil. Structural imaging involved the use of a sagittal 3D T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence (repetition time [TR], 7 ms; echo time [TE], 3 ms; inversion time [TI], 450 ms; 15° flip angle; slice thickness 1.0 mm; in-plane resolution 1.0 × 1.0 mm2) for cortical gray matter (GM) segmentation, and a 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image (FLAIR; TR, 8,000 ms; TE, 130 ms; TI, 2,000–2,250 ms [optimized per case to account for temperature differences leading to variable CSF suppression], sagittal slice thickness 1.2 mm; in‐plane resolution 1.11 × 1.11 mm2) for detection of white matter (WM) abnormalities. In addition, 2D echoplanar diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed (TR, 7,400 ms; TE, 92 ms; slice thickness 2 mm; in-plane resolution 2.0 × 2.0 mm2), using a twice refocused SE diffusion technique with 30 noncollinear gradient-encoding directions with b values = 700 seconds/mm2 and 5 nonweighted volumes. From 3D T1 images, normalized whole brain, WM, and GM volume was estimated using SIENAX (part of FSL 5.0.9; fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/ )18 (link) and normalized hippocampal volume using FIRST (part of FSL) after lesion filling.
6
MRI Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Thresholds
7
Multimodal Imaging for Skull Geometry and Treatment Visualization
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All animals were imaged in an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner (Aquilon ONE, Toshiba America Medical Systems, Inc., Tustin, California). The field of view was adjusted slightly based on the animal size and was reconstructed using a 512x 512 image matrix, resulting in voxel dimensions that varied slightly between animals but were at most 0.35 x 0.35 x 1 mm3. The CT images were captured to allow better visualization of the skull geometry and porosity to anticipate potential issues with sound transmission during the treatments.
The MRI parameters used are summarized in Table1 . All treatments were performed under MRI-guidance at 3T (Signa MR750, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin). Baseline T1 and T2 weighted images were obtained and are shown for group 1 in Fig.3 . Contrast-enhanced (CE) T1 weighted imaging (0.1 ml/kg Gadovist) was used to assess the integrity of the BBB post-treatment, and post-treatment T2 and T2* images were used to identify edema or hemorrhage. Follow-up MR imaging was performed one week following the final treatment, using CE-T1, T2 and T2* weighted imaging. The follow-up imaging was performed on the same MRI scanner used during the treatments, except in one case where the system was unavailable and an alternate 3T platform was used (MAGNETOM Prisma, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany).
The MRI parameters used are summarized in Table
8
Neuroimaging Protocol for White Matter Evaluation
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MR imaging was performed on 3T GE Signa MR750 (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) scanners with a 32-channel brain radiofrequency coil (Nova Medical, Wilmington, MA). A comprehensive imaging protocol included high-resolution volumetric structural, susceptibility and diffusion weighted imaging as well as investigational pulse sequences (described in detail in Appendix e-3 ). The MR data was standardized by use of a uniform protocol, scanner manufacturer and model, radiofrequency (RF) coil, and sequences as well as centralized processing.
Expert board certified neuroradiologists (AJT, PM) performed the safety reads and interpreted the structural imaging. Patients were classified with white matter abnormalities if ≥5 objective, punctate white matter foci were present. If < 5 foci were present, the white matter was classified as abnormal if lesions were >3 mm or located in atypical locations. Patients with abnormal white matter changes underwent neurological follow-up with an attending neurologist (TS) and routine clinical MRI.
Expert board certified neuroradiologists (AJT, PM) performed the safety reads and interpreted the structural imaging. Patients were classified with white matter abnormalities if ≥5 objective, punctate white matter foci were present. If < 5 foci were present, the white matter was classified as abnormal if lesions were >3 mm or located in atypical locations. Patients with abnormal white matter changes underwent neurological follow-up with an attending neurologist (TS) and routine clinical MRI.
9
3T GE MRI Imaging at Stanford
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MRI data were collected using a 3-T GE Signa MR750 scanner at the Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging at Stanford University.
10
Functional MRI Imaging Protocol
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