For cytokine measurement in culture supernatants, 1 × 106 total BMDCs, 5 × 104 FACS-purified pDCs, 1 × 105 CAL-1 or 3 × 106 PBMCs were left untreated or pre-treated for 1 h with the SFKs inhibitor PP2 (EMD Millipore), the inhibitor bafetinib (Adooq, Irvine, CA, USA) or the equivalent concentration of DMSO control, followed by 15 h in media in presence or absence of 0.1 μM CpG-B ODN 1668 (Roche), 1 μM CpG-A ODN 2216, 100 μM loxoribine (mouse cells) or 1 μg ml−1 R848 (human cells) (all from InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA).
Mouse type I IFN bioactivity was measured with reference to a recombinant mouse IFN-β standard (Research Diagnostics, Concord, MA, USA) using a L-929 cell line transfected with an interferon-sensitive luciferase. Human type I IFN bioactivity was measured with reference to a recombinant human IFN-β standard (InvivoGen) using HEK-Blue IFN-α/β cell line (InvivoGen). Mouse serum IFN-α, mouse and human TNF were measured, respectively, by luminescent ELISA (LumiKine mIFN-α, InvivoGen) or by ELISA (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Ready-SET-Go!, eBioscience, and Human TNF-α ELISA MAX, Biolegend) as described in the manufacturer's protocol.
Mouse type I IFN bioactivity was measured with reference to a recombinant mouse IFN-β standard (Research Diagnostics, Concord, MA, USA) using a L-929 cell line transfected with an interferon-sensitive luciferase. Human type I IFN bioactivity was measured with reference to a recombinant human IFN-β standard (InvivoGen) using HEK-Blue IFN-α/β cell line (InvivoGen). Mouse serum IFN-α, mouse and human TNF were measured, respectively, by luminescent ELISA (LumiKine mIFN-α, InvivoGen) or by ELISA (Mouse TNF-α ELISA Ready-SET-Go!, eBioscience, and Human TNF-α ELISA MAX, Biolegend) as described in the manufacturer's protocol.