Before scanning by GE (General Electric), Lightspeed 64 Slice CT (United States) and Siemens Magnetom Skyra 3.0 T MRI scanner (Germany), the children were unable to cooperate oral sedation or rectal enema with 10% chloral hydration solution (Qingdao, China) at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg. The total amount of the medicine should not exceed 10 mL, and the scan should be performed after the children have fallen asleep. Computed tomography plain scan and 3-dimensional (3D) were reconstructed in a supine position. The MRI scan sequence includes T1WI, T2WI, partial DWI and enhanced T1WI. Twelve children were examined by CT and 2 by MRI (Table 2, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/SCS/E845 ).
Magnetom skyra 3.0t mri scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Magnetom Skyra 3.0T MRI scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging device manufactured by Siemens. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 3.0 Tesla, which allows for high-quality imaging of the human body.
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5 protocols using magnetom skyra 3.0t mri scanner
1
Pediatric Imaging Under Sedation
2
Multimodal MRI Imaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke
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MRI scans were performed within 3 days of stroke onset, using a Magnetom Skyra 3.0T MRI scanner (Siemens, Germany) with a 20-channel phased-array head coil.
All participants underwent the following scans:
(1) T1-weighted image scan. Scan parameters: T1w sequence, repetition time (TR) = 2,000 ms, inversion time (TI) = 900 ms, echo time (TE) = 8.8 ms, matrix = 209 × 256, field of view (FOV) = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, thickness = 5 mm. number of layers = 24 layers, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(2) Cerebrospinal fluid suppression image. Scan parameters: T2-FLAIR sequence, TR = 6,000 ms, TI = 2,028 ms, TE = 72 ms, matrix = 320 × 261, FOV = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, thickness = 5 mm, number of layers = 24 layers, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(3) SWI imaging scan sequence. Scan parameters: 3D-GRE sequence, TR = 27 ms, TE = 20 ms, flip angle (FA) = 15°, matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, layer thickness = 2.5 mm, number of layers = 44, repetition number = 1, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(4) DWI imaging scan sequence. Scan parameters: EPI-Resolve sequence, b-value b = 1,000 and 0 scan, TR = 500 ms, TE1 = 63 ms, TE2 = 103 ms, FA = 180°, matrix = 160 × 160, FOV = 220 mm2 × 220 mm2, layer thickness = 5 mm, number of layers = 24, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
All participants underwent the following scans:
(1) T1-weighted image scan. Scan parameters: T1w sequence, repetition time (TR) = 2,000 ms, inversion time (TI) = 900 ms, echo time (TE) = 8.8 ms, matrix = 209 × 256, field of view (FOV) = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, thickness = 5 mm. number of layers = 24 layers, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(2) Cerebrospinal fluid suppression image. Scan parameters: T2-FLAIR sequence, TR = 6,000 ms, TI = 2,028 ms, TE = 72 ms, matrix = 320 × 261, FOV = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, thickness = 5 mm, number of layers = 24 layers, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(3) SWI imaging scan sequence. Scan parameters: 3D-GRE sequence, TR = 27 ms, TE = 20 ms, flip angle (FA) = 15°, matrix = 256 × 256, FOV = 220 mm2 × 196 mm2, layer thickness = 2.5 mm, number of layers = 44, repetition number = 1, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
(4) DWI imaging scan sequence. Scan parameters: EPI-Resolve sequence, b-value b = 1,000 and 0 scan, TR = 500 ms, TE1 = 63 ms, TE2 = 103 ms, FA = 180°, matrix = 160 × 160, FOV = 220 mm2 × 220 mm2, layer thickness = 5 mm, number of layers = 24, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2.
3
3D T1-weighted Brain Imaging Protocol
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The MRI scans were performed using a 20-channel phased-array head coil on a Magnetom Skyra 3.0 T MRI scanner (Siemens, Germany). The parameters for all participants who underwent 3D T1-weighted structural image scanning were as follows: magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) sequence with repetition time, TR = 2000 ms, inversion time TI = 880 ms, echo time TE = 2.01 ms, flip angle FA = 8°, matrix = 256 × 256, field of view FOV = 256 × 256 m2, total sagittal thickness = 208 mm, and thickness = 1 mm.
4
Resting-state fMRI in Chronic Kidney Disease
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Demographic data regarding patients’ age, gender, and education was collected. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, and hemoglobin tests were conducted. eGFR was calculated using modified CG formula, eGFR = 186 × (SCr/88.4)–1.154 × age–0.203 × (0.742, female). eGFR of <15 mL/(min. 1.73 m2) was included in DD-CKD group and 15–60 mL/(min. 1.73 m2) in NDD-CKD group.
Resting-state fMRI data acquisition: MRI scans were made on Magnetom Skyra 3.0T MRI scanner (Siemens, Germany) using 32-channel phased-array magnetic head coil. Participants underwent fMRI scans with parameters: Single excitation gradient echo-echo planar imaging (SS-GRE-EPI) sequence with repetition time TR = 2,000 ms, echo time TE = 30 ms, flip angle FA = 90°, matrix = 64 × 64, field of view FOV = 224 mm × 224 mm, layer thickness = 4 mm, number of layers = 36, number of repetitions = 180, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2. Subjects were asked to close eyes, lie down, relax, and remain awake and calm during functional MRI data acquisition.
Resting-state fMRI data acquisition: MRI scans were made on Magnetom Skyra 3.0T MRI scanner (Siemens, Germany) using 32-channel phased-array magnetic head coil. Participants underwent fMRI scans with parameters: Single excitation gradient echo-echo planar imaging (SS-GRE-EPI) sequence with repetition time TR = 2,000 ms, echo time TE = 30 ms, flip angle FA = 90°, matrix = 64 × 64, field of view FOV = 224 mm × 224 mm, layer thickness = 4 mm, number of layers = 36, number of repetitions = 180, fat suppression on, and parallel imaging factor = 2. Subjects were asked to close eyes, lie down, relax, and remain awake and calm during functional MRI data acquisition.
5
Quantifying Knee Meniscus Deformation Dynamics
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MR images were recorded in both knees of the patients assigned to Group II in an unloaded and loaded condition. Standardized knee positioning and axial load application were achieved using an MRI-compatible, pneumatically driven knee brace device (Ergospect GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria), which has recently been described in detail [15 (link)]. Consistent with the US examinations, neutral rotational alignment of the lower leg and 10° of knee flexion were defined as the standard position for image acquisition. With subjects lying in the supine position, the unloaded images were recorded first. Then, axial pressure equivalent to 50% of the individuals' body weight was applied to simulate the bipedal stance.
A MAGNETOM Skyra 3.0 T MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare AG, Erlangen, Germany) was used for image acquisition. Coronal, sagittal and axial fat-suppressed proton-density-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were acquired for meniscus assessment in both loading conditions. The following MRI parameters were used: coronal (TR/TE = 4330/30 ms, FOV = 130 × 130 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm), sagittal (TR/TE = 2610/30 ms, FOV = 130 × 130 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm) and axial (TR/TE = 1950/29 ms, FOV = 150 × 150 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm). For lateral ME measurements, the coronal slice, in which the femoral origin of the PT was best visible, was selected.
A MAGNETOM Skyra 3.0 T MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare AG, Erlangen, Germany) was used for image acquisition. Coronal, sagittal and axial fat-suppressed proton-density-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were acquired for meniscus assessment in both loading conditions. The following MRI parameters were used: coronal (TR/TE = 4330/30 ms, FOV = 130 × 130 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm), sagittal (TR/TE = 2610/30 ms, FOV = 130 × 130 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm) and axial (TR/TE = 1950/29 ms, FOV = 150 × 150 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm). For lateral ME measurements, the coronal slice, in which the femoral origin of the PT was best visible, was selected.
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