Ph meter

The flesh color values (L*, a*, and b*) of each variety were measured using a hand-held colorimeter (CR-400, Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), and the citrus color index (CCI) of flesh was calculated using the following formula [14 ]:
The crushed flesh was used to measure SSC (in °Brix), pH, and TA. SSC of the flesh supernatant was measured using a handheld refractometer (Daihan Scientific Co., Wonju, Korea), and the pH was measured using a pH meter (Hanna Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA). TA was measured by preparing a solution of 1 mL supernatant, 1 mL distilled water, and 200 μL 1% phenolphthalein, and titrating it with 0.1 N NaOH solution till the endpoint. TA was expressed as percent citric acid in fresh weight.

The two compounds PFB and TMB were prepared as stock solutions of 6.00 mM in water: acetone (10% v/v).
Stock solution calf thymus dsDNA or ssDNA (100 μL) were added to 100 μL of the stock solution of the Pt drug solution at room temperature and mixed for 2 min (Vortexer, Ratek Instruments Pty Ltd., Knox City, Victoria, Australia). It was wrapped tightly using parafilm to prevent liquid evaporation and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C in the dark. 3 μL aliquots of the clear solution were collected and deposited onto the ATR crystal. All experiments were carried out in triplicates. The average observed pH of the final mixtures of DNA treated with Pt drug solution or DNA control was 7.2 (±0.04). The pH value was measured with a pH meter (Hanna Instruments Pty. Ltd., Woonsocket, RI, USA).

Aluminum nitrate (Al (NO₃)₃·9H₂O) and NaOH pellets, which are analytical reagents, are delivered from Samchun (Korea). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (>95% of purify, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) was directly used without further purification as a surface modifier. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS is measured by the conductometry under different NaCl (p. a, Merck, Germany) concentrations at 22°C mentioned in somewhere [31 (link)]. The stock SDS solution of 0.1 M was prepared for adsorption experiments. Rhodamine B (RhB) was purchased from Merck with a molecular weight of 479.02 g/mol, and the purity > 95% is employed as cationic dye. The chemical structures of SDS surfactants and RhB were described elsewhere [29 (link)]. The ionic strength was controlled by adding the suitable volume of 0.1 M NaCl. The salt solution was filtered through a 0.2 μm cellulose membrane before using. The pH solution is adjusted by the addition of HCl and NaOH and measuring by a pH meter (Hanna, Woonsocket city, USA). Ultrapure water with a resistance of 18.2 MΩ.cm used in all experiments was daily produced by an ultrapure water system (Labconco, Kansai, MO, USA).

Proximate composition of chicken fillet samples, including lipid, ash, protein, and moisture, were determined in triplicate according to Karsli et al. [32 (link)]. For evaluation of pH, chicken fillets were homogenized in proportion of 1:10 (w/v) with distilled water and analyzed with a pH meter (Hanna, Methrom, Switzerland).