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33 protocols using brilliance ct

1

Dosimetric Evaluation of SpaceOAR Vue

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The experimental setup outlined above was replicated with the SpaceOAR Vue™ cassette and scanned using the Phillips Brilliance CT using a 120 kV fan-beam. A treatment plan replicating the experimental dose delivery was created in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) with the Acuros External Beam (AXB) algorithm v15.606 (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA), utilising a 1 mm dose grid, reporting dose to medium (D m ). The plan was calculated with fixed monitor units for both 6MV and 10MV beams, and the dose corresponding to chamber measurement positions recorded. The SpaceOAR Vue™ was then segmented and the mean HU and TPS material composition of the material recorded. The structure was then overridden to 0 HU, and the material assignment set to water as per the vendor's treatment planning guide and based on the conversion of HU to mass density [13] . The plan was then recalculated, and doses were compared to the corresponding doses obtained from chamber measurements.
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2

Multidetector CT Imaging Protocol

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All patients who underwent chest CT scan used one of the two multidetector CT systems (Brilliance CT, Philips Healthcare; Toshiba CT). All the subjects were examined at full inspiration in the supine position with or without contrast material. The scanning parameters were as follows: 100–120 kVp, 100 mA, detector collimation of 64 × or 128 × 0.625 mm; field of view of 350 × 350 mm; and matrix of 512 × 512 using a reconstruction kernel for the lung. For CE-CT, after routine CT, a dose of 85 mL non-ionic iodinated contrast material (350 mg iodine/mL, Omnipaque, GE Healthcare) was injected into the antecubital vein at a rate of 3.0 mL/s using an automated injector (Ulrich CT Plus 150, Ulrich Medical). CT scanning was performed again with a 25-s delay after the injection. NE-CT and CE-CT of 5 mm were retrieved from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) workstation with format of DICOM.
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3

Contrast-enhanced CT Imaging Protocols

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Three CT scanners were used in this study: Somatom Definition Flash CT (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany), Brilliance CT (Royal Philips Electronics, Amsterdam, Netherlands), and Aquilion ONE CT (Toshiba Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). All patients underwent a plain or enhanced scan in the conventional supine position. The arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase were performed at 25 to 30s, 60 to 70s, and 160 to 180s, respectively, after the injection of a non-ionic contrast agent.
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4

Spiral CT Head Imaging Protocol

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A conventional head scan was performed using 16-row spiral CT (Brilliance CT, Philips). Scanning parameters were: tube voltage120 kV, tube current 300mAs, slice thickness and increment were 4.5 mm, matrix 512 × 512.
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5

IMRT for Lung Cancer Immobilization

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All patients were treated supine in a customized vacuum bag for immobilization with arms raised using a wingboard device. Simulations were performed using 4-D CT technique (Brilliance CT, Philips, Andover, MA), using individual sets of 10 respiration phases as well as maximum intensity projections (MIP) to contour target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) (Pinnacle v9.6, Philips, Andover, MA). Internal tumor motion was accounted for during delineation of the internal gross tumor volume (iGTV) by both manually going through each respiratory phase and the MIP on default lung window settings. OARs were contoured on the 30% phase using default lung and mediastinal windows. 5mm uniform expansions were added on the iGTV to create the planning target volume (PTV). All treatments used 6-MV photon beams with 7-10 field IMRT or VMAT and were planned with heterogeneity corrections. Daily cone-beam CT allowed accurate setup to the tumor. Treatments were delivered every other day over the course of 1-3 weeks. The most common fractionation schemes were 48Gy/4fx and 40Gy/5fx in 90 and 14 treatments, respectively. Other fractionations ranged from 30Gy/5fx to 60Gy/5fx.
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6

COVID-19 Lung CT Imaging Characteristics

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LDCT were obtained on symptomatic patients at high risk of screening with a 64-section scanner (Brilliance CT, Philips Healthcare) [16 (link)]. One radiologist (over 15 years of experience) and one pulmonology specialist (over 8 years of experience) retrospectively reviewed all LDCT images. Lobar distribution was assessed by observing the number of involved lobes, laterality, cephalocaudal distribution, and axial distribution [17 (link)]. In terms of pattern, ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and crazy-paving pattern was assessed according to the definitions based on the Fleischner Society Nomenclature Committee recommendations [17 (link),18 (link)]. (Figure 2A–C) Observation of the following characteristics was considered a typical finding for COVID-19; (1) peripheral, bilateral, GGO with or without consolidation or visible intralobular lines (“crazy-paving”), (2) Multifocal GGO of rounded morphology with or without consolidation or visible intralobular lines (“crazy-paving”), (3) Reverse halo sign or other findings of organizing pneumonia [18 (link)].
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7

Accuracy Assessment of 4D-MRI Respiratory Simulation

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The accuracy of the 4D-MRI sequence was assessed using an MRI-CT compatible respiratory simulation phantom (QUASAR™, Modus Medical Devices Inc., London, Canada). The respiratory simulation platform was driven to move a 3 cm diameter sphere target filled with gadolinium doped water with various sinusoidal waveforms (10–15 mm amplitude, 10–20 breaths per minute) and two patient specific respiratory waveforms. The 4D-MRI acquisition time was 3 min in the phantom study. The phantom experiment was performed on a CT simulator (Brilliance™ CT, Philips Medical Systems, The Netherlands) using the gold standard 4D-CT technique that produces ten respiratory bins over a complete expiration to expiration cycle. The experiments were repeated using the 4D-MRI sequence with reconstruction of three, five, seven and ten bins, over expiration to inspiration. All 4D datasets were imported into image analysis software (MiM MaestroTM, Cleveland, USA) for target contouring. Four dimensional structure sets were created by propagating the manually drawn contours from one frame of 4D data series to other frames and compared to known values. Four dimensional structure sets were created using deformable propagation with manual editing to contour sphere on all phases.
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8

Chest CT Imaging Protocol Specifications

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Chest CT was conducted using the 64‐multidetector Philips Brilliance CT with standard thoracic scanning protocols. The acquisition parameters were as following: tube current, 80–160 mAs; tube voltage, 120–130 kV; slice thickness, 0.7–1 mm; slice gap, 0.5–0.7 mm; matrix, 512 × 512; and convolution kernel, B40, standard (B).
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9

Micro-CT Analysis of Femoral Bone Tunnels

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After sacrifice, the graft-femoral samples (n=6) were scanned with micro-CT (Brilliance CT, Model No. 728302; Philips Medical Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio) before the biomechanical studies. All bone tunnel model images were acquired via a Philips Brilliance workstation (Software Version: 3.2.4.1900; Philips Medical Systems, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio). The bone tunnel diameter at the aperture was analyzed with DICOM software according to a previous method (Figure 2) (31 (link)). In each image, the tunnel diameter was measured from two directions and averaged. The femoral tunnel diameter of each case was calculated as the average of the values of five consecutive images.
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10

High-Resolution Temporal Bone CT Imaging

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CT imaging was performed using Brilliance CT 16-slice (Brilliance CT; Philips Medical systems, Cleveland, OH, USA). The images for temporal bone were obtained with a slice thickness of 0.7 mm. The CT scan data were acquired at 120 kVp, 250 mA, and imaging matrix of 512 × 512. The axial images were obtained parallel to orbito-meatal base line.
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