The composition of Macau Xiong Yantang gold bile powder capsule, named GBP, was obtained from China Goldenbile Biological Technology Co., Ltd. The positive control drug metadoxine was supplied by Shandong Qidu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Biochemical assay reagents, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) detection kits, were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
Alanine aminotransferase
Manufactured by Nanjing Jiancheng
Sourced in China
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, producing pyruvate and glutamate. ALT is primarily found in the liver and is commonly used as a biomarker to assess liver function.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Aspartate aminotransferase, by Nanjing Jiancheng (39 mentions)
Malondialdehyde, by Nanjing Jiancheng (6 mentions)
Superoxide dismutase, by Nanjing Jiancheng (5 mentions)
Glutathione (gsh), by Nanjing Jiancheng (5 mentions)
Total cholesterol, by Nanjing Jiancheng (4 mentions)
Alkaline phosphatase, by Nanjing Jiancheng (3 mentions)
Trizol reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Tissue protein extraction kit, by Keygen Biotech (3 mentions)
Glutathione peroxidase, by Nanjing Jiancheng (3 mentions)
Oil red o staining kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
Concanavalin a (cona), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bcl 2, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (2 mentions)
Aspartate aminotransferase ast, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Primescript rt reagent kit, by Takara Bio (2 mentions)
Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Sybr premix ex taq, by Takara Bio (2 mentions)
Gsh px, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Superoxide dismutase sod, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
High density lipoprotein cholesterol, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
57 protocols using alanine aminotransferase
1
Macau Xiong Yantang Gold Bile Powder Capsule
2
Protocols for Oxidative Stress Evaluation
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GSH assay and TUNEL staining kits were purchased from the Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (#S0053, #C1090 and #P0012S, Shanghai, China). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (#C009–2 and #C010–2, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Elisa kits for ADMA and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were purchased from Bio-Techne Co., Ltd. (#NBP2–66728, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and Donggeboye Biological Technology Co., LTD. (#DG30947M, Beijing, China), respectively. The Masson’s trichrome staining kit was obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co. LTD (#G1340, Beijing, China). Antibodies against DDAH1, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) and β-actin were purchased from Signalway Antibody LLC (#37368, #48247, #22536, #21800, Greenbelt, MD, USA). P65, phospho-65, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phospho-JNK antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (#8242, #3033, #9252, #9251, Danvers, MA, USA). APAP and dihydroethidium (DHE) were purchased from MedChemExpress LLC (#HY-66005, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) and Sigma Chemical Co. (#D7008, St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. All other compounds and chemicals were of analytical purity.
3
Asparagus Cochinchinensis Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders
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The high-fat diet containing 60% calories from fat (D12492) was purchased from Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Asparagus cochinchinensis roots were purchased from Kangdi Medicine Industry Co., Ltd. (Chongqing, China, Lot: 211101) and were authenticated corresponding authors. Glucose solution was purchased from Tisansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Hubei, China). Insulin was purchased from Novo Nordisk Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Commercial kits for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining kit and Oil Red O staining kit were both purchased from Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 (F4/80) antibodies were purchased from Protetintech Group, Inc. (Rosemont, United States).
4
Gut Microbiome Modulation Assays
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The alanine aminotransferase (ALT; C009-2-1, microplate test), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; C010-2-1, microplate test), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; a059-2-2, microplate test) assay kits were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. Vancomycin was purchased from MedChemExpress. Neomycin was purchased from Alfa Aesar, and 4-Chloro-phenylalanine (4-Cl-Phe), metronidazole, ampicillin, and PFOS (Product No. 77282, potassium salt) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. L. reuteri (BNCC192190), E. faecalis (BNCC186075), and Akk. muciniphila (DSM22959) were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection. De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth were obtained from Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Porcine mucin was purchased from Yuanye Bio-Technology. Cysteine was purchased from Aladdin. Antibody for p-mTOR (Ser2448, AF3308) was purchased from Affinity. Antibody for p-P70S6K (Thr389, Thr412, PA5-104,842) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Antibodies for mTOR (A11354) and P70S6K (A16658) were purchased from ABclonal. HRP-Polymer anti-Rabbit antibody (MaxVision, KIT5005) was purchased from MXB Biotechnologies.
5
Biochemical Marker Assays in Research
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Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).
6
Exploring Cell Signaling Pathways
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SPRC was synthesized as previously described (Wang et al. 2009 (link)). Con A and propargylglycine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Trizol reagent was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit was purchased from Takara Biotechnology (Dalian, China). The antibodies used for western blotting of CSE, p-JNK, p-Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (TX, USA).
7
Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury Model
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Thioacetamide, rhodamine 123, and Evans blue were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). Phenobarbital, prazosin, midazolam, and 1-hydroxymidazolam were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). M-MLV reverse transcriptase, TRIzol reagent, and SYBR Green Real-Time (RT) PCR Master Mix were purchased from ThermoFisher (Carlsbad, CA, United States). The kits for the analysis of ammonia, glutathione (GSH), total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity for superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were all from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) lysis buffer, assay kit for nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) kit for protein content were supplied by Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Pure water was prepared by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, United States). Other chemicals were all analytical grade and commercially available.
8
Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress
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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and kits were obtained from Nanjing JianCheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Elisa detection kits of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). The pentapeptide QLLPF was customarily synthesized by AoBo Corp (Shanghai, China) with purity >95%. All other chemicals, unless otherwise specified, were of analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
9
Gypenosides and 5-Fluorouracil Cancer Treatment
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Gypenosides (Gyp) was kindly provided by Ankang Pharmaceutical Institute of the Beijing University (Shaanxi, China) and dissolved in 80% ethanol (EtOH) to a final storage concentration of 100 mg/ml. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was purchased from Sigam-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo, USA) and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) also to a final storage concentration of 100 mg/ml. Gyp and 5-Fu solution were sterilized through 0.22μm filter for use in subsequent experiments and stored in -20°C.
3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide tetrazolium (MTT), Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide (PI), RNase A, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and pifithrin-α were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich. Guava Nexin Reagent was obtained from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA). 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) was from Molecular Probes Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Cr) assay kit were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide tetrazolium (MTT), Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide (PI), RNase A, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and pifithrin-α were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich. Guava Nexin Reagent was obtained from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA). 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) was from Molecular Probes Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Cr) assay kit were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
10
Shikonin and DMSO Biomarker Analysis
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Shikonin and DMSO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). The antibodies used in the study were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), including antibodies against TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase3, caspase9, LC3, Beclin-1, and P62. PCR kits were purchased from Takara (Takara Biotechnology, Dalian, China). The kits for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Jiancheng Biotech, China).
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