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18 protocols using 8400s spectrometer

1

Comprehensive Characterization of PEG-Functionalized C60

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were registered in D2O on Varian Unity Plus 500 MHz spectrometer. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was carried out in order to confirm successful functionalization of C60 fullerene with PEG. The samples were prepared as KBr disks and the measurements were performed using the Shimadzu 8400S spectrometer. The thermal stability of investigated samples was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using Q50 TGA (TA Instruments). The analyzed samples were previously dried under vacuum at 60 °C and the measurement was carried out under flow of nitrogen with heating rate of 10 K/min. In turn, electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammogram for PEG-functionalized fullerene was recorded at room temperature on Autolab PGSTAT 204 potentiostat, with three electrode arrangement: GC electrode (3 mm diameter) as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode and platinum wire as the counter electrode. The 0.1 M Bu4NPF6 in o-DCB:acetonitrile (3:1, v/v) was used as the supporting electrolyte solution.
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2

Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Characterization of Collagen Scaffolds

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Silicified and pristine collagen scaffolds were desiccated with anhydrous calcium sulfate for 24 h prior to spectrum acquisition. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was performed using a Shimadzu 8400 S spectrometer (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) at ambient temperature from 4000 to 400 cm−1, with 32 scans averaged at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Spectra analysis was performed using IR solution software (Shimadzu).
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3

Compatibility Analysis of Herbal Extracts

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Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of both pure extract, physical mixtures of clove and cinnamon, and emulgel were recorded using Shimadzu 8400S spectrometer (Tokyo, Japan) to evaluate the compatibility between the selected extracts and Smix. A physical mixture was prepared by employing the sodium chloride (NaCl) plate method, where (NaCl) was used to hold samples and scanned at a resolution of 4 cm−1 in the range of 4000–400 cm−1.
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4

FT-IR Analysis of Decayed Wood Powder

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Three replicates of decayed wood blocks from each incubation time-period with approximately the same mass losses were selected and ground using a hammer mill, so the wood powder passed through a 60-mesh screen. The power was dried at 103 ± 2 °C for 24 h. Approximately 1 g wood powder was used to acquire Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission spectra using a Shimadzu 8400 s spectrometer equipped with a deuterated, L-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLaTGS) detector. The samples were scanned in two replicates, using a Platinum Diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) with a wavelength between 4000 and 400 cm−1 and resolution of 4 cm−1. At each position, 40 scans were averaged. Spectra were baseline corrected and normalized to the highest peak (set to 1.0). To assess the spectra, only the area between wavelengths 500 to 2000 cm−1 was examined as this region includes the most informative values for lignocellulose materials.
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5

Comprehensive Characterization of Novel Materials

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X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed on a Shimadzu-3A diffractometer at 40 kV and 30 mA with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm). The morphologies were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100CX, JEOL). Infrared spectra (FT-IR) were acquired with an 8400S spectrometer (Shimadzu) in the transmission mode. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were obtained by a PHI 5000 Versa Probe spectrometer (ULVAC-PHI) operated at a voltage of 13 kV and an emission current of 28 mA using Al Kα as exciting source (1486.6 eV). The binding energies were referenced to C 1s at 284.5 eV. The UV-vis absorption spectra of samples were obtained from a Shimadzu UV-3600 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere using BaSO4 as reference. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were recorded on F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi) with a laser excitation of 420 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals of paramagnetic species spin-trapped with DMPO were recorded at ambient temperature (298 K) with a Brucker EPR 300E spectrometer, the irradiation source (λ = 532 nm) was a Quanta-Ray Nd:YAG (10 pluses per second) laser system.
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6

Characterization of Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles

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A PG Instrument T80+ UV–vis
dual-beam spectrophotometer was utilized to record UV–vis absorption
spectrum from 400 to 800 nm. The tests were totally performed in a
matched 1.00 cm glass cell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
images were taken by a Philips-CM30 transmission electron microscopy
operating under 300 kV voltages. The size distribution of GNPs was
obtained by measuring the size of about 100 particles to obtain the
average size and the data resulting from dynamic light scattering
(DLS) from Malvern Co. The pH value was adjusted and measured by a
Metrohm Co pH meter. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum was
recorded via a Shimadzu-8400S spectrometer within the range of 400–4000
cm–1 at room temperature by using KBr disks.
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7

ATR-FTIR Analysis of Solid Samples

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The ATR-FTIR experiments were carried out with a Ge-based ATR accessory (Pike Technologies, Madison, WI, USA) and a Shimadzu 8400 s spectrometer (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). Before the analysis, the solid samples (dry leaves, tablets, and capsules) were ground to a fine powder in a mortar. Next, a small portion of each sample was applied onto the surface of the ATR crystal and pressed by the clamp with constant pressure. The spectra (40 scans each) were measured in absorbance mode, within a 750–4000 cm−1 wavenumber range at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Each sample was measured in triplicate.
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8

Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol

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FT-IR spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu-8400S spectrometer (Japan) in the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm−1. The structure and level of crystallinity of samples were determined by using a Philips 8440 X-Pert X-ray diffractometer (Netherland), operating at 40 mA and 40 kV with copper radiation (k = 0.1542 nm). UV-vis spectra were recorded on a Carry 100 Varian spectrophotometer (USA). N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and BJH pore-size distribution plots of samples were determined by using a Micro metrics PHS-1020 instrument (Japan) at 77 K. The degassing process of samples was performed at 150 °C. The magnetic properties of samples at 27 °C within the range of ±15 000 Oe was carried out using a vibrating magnetometer (Iran). The surface charge of the materials was investigated by zeta potential measurements on a HORIBA Scientific Zetasizer (Japan). A MIRA3 TESCAN scanning electron microscope (Czech) was employed to examine the morphology of the prepared materials, while X-ray energy analysis (EDX) was utilized for elemental analysis of the samples.
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9

Multimodal Characterization of Magnetic MOF Nanocomposites

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FTIR spectra were registered with a Shimadzu-8400S spectrometer (Japan) in the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm−1. Powder XRD patterns were recorded by an X-ray diffractometer under a current of 40 mA and voltage of 40 kV with Cu Kα radiation (k = 0.1542 nm). The distribution and morphology of pure MOF and magnetic nanocomposite were studied utilizing (SEM, MIRA3 TESCAN) scanning electron microscopy connected with (EDX) energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Spectra of UV-vis were performed on a Carry 100 Conc Varian spectrophotometer. The surface area of the nanocomposites was performed by N2 adsorption isotherm with the BET method (Micro metrics PHS-1020, Japan). The magnetic (VSM) measurement was checked by MDKFD vibrating magnetometer (Daneshpajoohan Co., Iran) via a high magnetic field of 10 kOe. The adsorption process of dyes was measured on a Varian Cary 100 spectrophotometer (USA). Raman spectra were obtained using a Raman microscope (Senterra 2009, Germany) with a 514 nm line.
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10

Physicochemical Characterization of Compounds

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Melting points have been measured using open capillaries (sealed at one end) using an Electrothermal 9100 instrument. FT-IR spectra were collected using a Shimadzu 8400S spectrometer. Spectra of 1HNMR were obtained using a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer. DMSO‑d6 was used as solvent at ambient temperature. Using an X'pert MPD, XRD observations were conducted. Philips diffractometer with Cu radiation source (λ = 1.54050A) operating at 40 mA and40 KV. A MM400 Retsch ball milling device with two 10 mL jars and 7 mm stainless steel balls was utilized at a frequency of 28 Hz.
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