Ez test ez sx

Fiber substrates were punched out to dumbbell shape and a tensile test was performed using a uniaxial tensile machine (EZ Test EZ-SX, SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan). The electrospun fiber substrates (15 mm wide and 40 mm in length) were tested at a strain rate of 0.015 s⁻¹ until fracture. The thickness of the fiber substrates was obtained between 10 and 20 μm. Elastic modulus (initial slope corresponding to <5% strain), ultimate strain, and fracture stress were calculated from a stress–strain curve.

Mechanical properties were measured using a mechanical testing machine (Shimadzu EZ-Test EZ-SX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Analysis was carried out by a scaffolds compression with the initial force of 0.1 N and speed of 5 mm min⁻¹. The Young modulus and the maximum force were determined with the Trapezium X Texture program.

Mechanical properties were measured with the use of a mechanical testing machine (Shimadzu EZ-Test EZ-SX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Scaffolds (diameter: 20 mm, height: 13 mm) were introduced between two discs and compressed (the starting speed of 200 mm min⁻¹; initial force of 0.1 N; speed of the compression of 5 mm min⁻¹). Parameters were selected based on the principal studies. The compressive modulus (Young modulus for the compression process), the maximum tension and the percentage deformation at maximum tension were determined with the Trapezium X Texture program. The compressive modulus was calculated from the linear region on the stress strain curves (0.05–0.15 kPa). The statistical analyses were made using a One-way ANOVA test.

A mechanical testing machine (Shimadzu EZ-Test EZ-SX, Kyoto, Japan) fitted with a 50 N load cell was used to test the mechanical properties of films. Dumbbell-shaped samples with known width and thickness were inserted into tensile grips and stretched until the break with the velocity of 5 mm/min. Young’s modulus was calculated from the slope of the stress-strain curve in the linear region (strain from 0.5% to 1.0%). The results were recorded using the Trapezium X Texture program. Average values were calculated using seven measurements for each sample.

A mechanical testing machine (Shimadzu EZ-Test EZ-SX, Kyoto, Japan) fitted with a 50 N load cell was used to test the mechanical properties of freeze-dried matrices in the form of cylindrical samples with known diameter. The measurements were performed at a compression speed of 2 mm/min. Both, lyophilized and cross-linked re-lyophilized materials were tested in dry conditions; however, matrices after cross-linking were additionally subjected to compression in a swollen form (after immersion in PBS buffer (pH = 5.7) for 1 min). Young’s modulus was calculated from the slope of the stress–strain curve in the linear region (strain from 0.2% to 0.5%). The results were recorded using the Trapezium X Texture program (version 1.4.5.) and average values of seven measurements for each type of material were calculated.

To measure the Young’s modulus of hydrogel constructs, hydrogels were equilibrated in PBS for 24 h, and their dimensions, such as height and diameter, were measured prior to the compression test. Compression tests were performed using a universal testing machine (EZ-Test EZ-SX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a 500 N load cell, and samples were compressed up to 30% strain at a strain rate of 1 mm/min. The Young’s modulus was calculated from the linear region of the stress–strain curve (0–10% strain).

Mechanical properties were measured by the use of a mechanical testing machine (Shimadzu EZ-Test EZ-SX, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Hydrogels were placed in a 24-hole plate to form cylindrical samples sized 20 mm in diameter and 13 mm in height for mechanical testing (Figure 1). The samples were introduced between two discs and compressed (the starting speed of 200 mm min⁻¹; initial force of 0.1 N). The compressive modulus (Young modulus for the compression process), the maximum tension, and the percentage deformation at maximum tension were determined with the Trapezium X Texture program. The statistical analyses were made, and the results are shown as the average with the standard deviation.