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8 protocols using leica tcs sp8 smd

1

Fluorescent Staining of Adherent Cells

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The cells were seeded in ibidiTM μ-Slides, cultivated o/n and treated for indicated time points. Afterwards they were permeabilized with Triton X-100 0.1% (v/v), blocked with BSA (Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) 1% or 5% and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin (1:400, Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) and Hoechst 33342 (5 µg/ml, Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) diluted in BSA 1% and incubated for 1 h at RT or o/n at 4 °C. After two washing steps with PBS Ca2+/Mg2+ (pH 7.4) samples were mounted (FluorSaveTM, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Images were taken with a Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica Microsystem, Wetzlar, Germany) using a 40x oil immersion lense.
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2

Visualizing nanoparticle-mediated mRNA uptake

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Before
microscopy, complete medium containing phenol red was replaced with
an equal volume of phenol red-free and HEPES-formulated Opti-MEM (Gibco).
The uptake of Cy5-eGFP mRNA-formulated nanoparticles was assessed
2 h post-transfection, and eGFP expression was assessed 24 h post-transfection.
Live-cell imaging was performed using a Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica Microsystems,
Mannheim, Germany) with an HC PL APO CS2 63×/1.20 water objective
and a temperature-controlled stage at 36.5 °C. eGFP was excited
at 488 nm (emission: 500–550 nm). CellTrace yellow was excited
at 555 nm (emission: 570–620 nm), and Cy5 was excited at 633
nm (emission: 650–690 nm). All laser lines were generated by
a white-light laser, and emissions were detected with hybrid detectors.
All channels were sequentially acquired to avoid crosstalk at a bit
depth of 12. Except for the LMM eGFP conditions (reduced gain), equal
acquisition settings (pixel size, pinhole, laser power, and gain)
per fluorophore were used within the experiments.
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3

Macrophage-Fibroblast Phagocytosis Assay

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J774.A1 murine macrophages were seeded in a 75 cm2 flasks at the density of 2 × 106 cells and incubated for 48 h. Murine CT26 cells were seeded in 6-well plate at the density of 1.5 × 105 cells per well and incubated overnight. The cells were further treated as described in the section “Treatment schedule and irradiation of the samples”. Then, both cell lines were stained by cell trackers. J774.A1 macrophages were stained with CellTracker™ red CMTPX, and CT26 fibroblasts were stained with CellTracker™ green CMFDA, both from Invitrogen. The cells were co-incubated at the 1 : 5 macrophage : fibroblast ratio for 3 h, harvested, and fixed for 10 min with 4% formaldehyde. Phagocytosis was evaluated using flow cytometry (BD FACSVerse), and data were analyzed with the aid of FCS Express 6 (DeNovo software; Glendale, CA). Samples were also analyzed by confocal microscope using a Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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4

Quantifying Molecular Dynamics via Photobleaching

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Continuous photobleaching was performed using a confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP8 SMD, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). For illumination, the PicoQuant Picosecond Pulsed Diode Laser Head of 40 MHz 470 nm was used (laser intensity was set to ~1 µW). The light is focused onto a small confocal volume through a 63x water immersion objective lens with NA = 1.2 (Leica HC PL APO 63x/1.20 W CORR). The signal is detected by sensitive detectors (Leica HyD SMD) within the detection window (500–600 nm). A specific point was chosen in the nuclear interior and a ‘point measurement’ was performed for measuring the intensity at a high frequency (~1 KHz) for approximately 60 s per cell. CP data analysis was performed with Matlab and a custom-made algorithm (Bronshtein et al., 2015 (link)).
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) curves were extracted from the region where the fluorescence intensity is constant (approximately 30 s after beginning of the measurement) in order to avoid inaccuracy due to bleaching. The FCS analysis was done by SymPho Time software (PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany). The best fit was achieved with the FCS Triplet 3D fitting model: Gt=1+j=0nTrip-1Tjexp-tτTripj-1i=0nDiff-1ρi1+tτDiffiai1+tτDiffiaik20.5+GInf w0=VEffk13π-0.5 Dk=w024τDiff[k]
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5

Superamphiphobic Surface Wettability Characterization

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Macroscopic contact angles of purified water (Milli-Q, Type 1), ethylene glycol (99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich) and hexadecane (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were measured using a goniometer with drop shape analysis (OCA40, Dataphysics GmbH). Roll-off angles (RA) were determined by measuring the tilt angle leading to roll-off for 10 μL drops. The tilt angle was increased with a rate of 0.3° s−1. Advancing and receding contact angles were measured by slowly (1 μL s−1) increasing the drop volume from 5 to 25 μL and then decreasing the volume back to < 1 μL. All contact angles were determined using the tangent fitting method in the SCA 20 software (Dataphysics GmbH) and the results of five individual measurements at different positions on the sample were averaged.
An inverted laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP8 SMD, Leica Microsystems) with a HC PL APO CS2 40×/1.10 water objective was used to image a water droplet resting on the superamphiphobic surface.
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6

Calreticulin Translocation Assay

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A2780 cells were seeded on 50 mm glass-bottom culture dishes (Mattek, Ashland, USA) at a density of 2 × 105 cells per dish, and incubated overnight. Then the cells were treated with 1 (1 and 5 μM), doxorubicin (20 μM), oxaliplatin (100 μM) or cisplatin (20 μM) and the treatment continued as described above. Subsequently, the cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and stained with antiCRT-alexa fluor 488 conjugate (Abcam). Samples were visualized on a confocal microscope Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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7

Metallohelix-mediated DNA delivery in HEK 293 cells

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HEK 293 cells were seeded on glass coverslips in 6-well plates and grown overnight in DMEM. DNA condensates were prepared as follows: DNA (gWiz-GFP plasmid; Aldevron, USA) was incubated (RT) with metallohelices (DNA 2 μg ml–1; DNA base:metallohelix ratio 1:1.2) in Opti-MEM® medium (Gibco) for 15 min. DMEM was removed from the wells and replaced with metallohelix-induced DNA condensate samples. Following a 4 h incubation at 37 °C (humidified atmosphere, 5% CO2), the Opti-MEM medium was withdrawn, and the cells were incubated for another 72 h in DMEM. The cells were then fixed with 4% p-formaldehyde, washed with PBS, and mounted with ProLong Diamond Antifade. The imaging was performed with laser-scanning microscope Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica Microsystems, GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany)
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8

Evaluating Metallohelix-Mediated Plasmid Delivery in HEK 293 Cells

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HEK 293 cells were seeded in 8-chamber microslides (ibidi) at a density of 104 cells/well and incubated overnight in a complete DMEM medium. gWiz-GFP plasmid DNA (10 μM) was incubated with individual metallohelices at DNA base:metallohelix ratio 1:0.8 at 37 °C for 15 min in Opti-MEM® medium (Gibco). GelRed™ Nucleic Acid Stain (Biotium, 10 000×) was then added. Following another 10 min incubation (RT), the DMEM medium was removed from the microslide chambers and replaced with Opti-MEM medium containing preincubated DNA samples. The incubation at 37°C proceeded for 120 min. The cells were then fixed with p-formaldehyde (4% in PBS) and mounted with ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Invitrogen). The imaging was performed with laser-scanning microscope Leica TCS SP8 SMD (Leica Microsystems, GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
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