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Colloidal blue

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Colloidal Blue is a laboratory staining reagent used to visualize proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blot applications. It is a non-toxic, colloidal solution that binds to proteins and produces a blue-colored band or spot, allowing for the detection and analysis of protein samples.

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50 protocols using colloidal blue

1

Isolation and Characterization of Ubiquitinated DDI1

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Ninety percent of the neat elution from each GFP pull-down was resolved by SDS–PAGE (4–12% Bolt Bis–Tris Plus precast gels, Invitrogen) and visualized with Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen) following manufacturer’s instructions. Aiming to isolate mono- and poly-ubiquitinated DDI1, each gel lane was excised into two slices above the clear band of approximately 75 KDa that corresponds to non-modified DDI1 (Figure 1). Subsequently, each gel lane was chopped, and proteins were subjected to in-gel digestion protocol using trypsin as described before (Osinalde et al., 2015 (link)). Briefly, gel pieces, previously dehydrated with acetonitrile (ACN), were reduced with 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), alkylated with 55 mM chloroacetamide, and finally rehydratated in 12.5 ng/ml trypsin and incubated overnight at 37°C. The following day, resulting tryptic peptides were extracted from the gel by serial incubation with 100% ACN and 1% trifluoroacetic acid in 30% ACN. Finally, prior to MS analysis, peptide solutions were dried down in a SpeedVac centrifuge (Thermo Scientific).
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2

Immunoprecipitation of Flag-tagged mDia2

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293T cells were transfected with Flag-tagged full-length mDia2 (either the wild type or the MA mutant) or empty vector. Cell lysates were prepared as previously described (7 (link), 20 (link)). One and a half milligrams of cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using anti-Flag M2® Affinity gel (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 h at 4°C. Beads were washed three times in NET buffer (50 mm Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 150 mm NaCl, 5 mm EDTA and 0.1% Triton X-100) supplemented with protease inhibitor mixture (Roche), 5 mm NaF, and 1 mm NaVO4. Proteins were eluted with Laemmli buffer and separated by SDS-PAGE (NuPage 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gel (Invitrogen)). The gel was fixed and stained with Colloidal Blue according to manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen).
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3

Dynamin Proteolysis Assay

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K44ADyn in HCB100 at 0.25 mg/ml was incubated with 1:500 w/w trypsin (Sigma Aldrich) at room temperature in the presence and absence of synthetic DOPS extruded liposomes, and in the presence and absence of 1 mM GTP. Small aliquots were taken at intervals of 15 min after addition of trypsin to examine the amount of proteolysis that occurred over the course of 45 min. Samples were run on an SDS-PAGE and visualized using Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen).
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4

Proteomic Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors

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Briefly, S. aureus LAC WT, Δrot, and Δrot pOS1plgt rot were grow overnight in RPMI/CAS (+ CM for strain containing plasmid). Overnight cultures were subcultured 1:100 into fresh RPMI/CAS and grown for 5 hrs. to late exponential phase. Cultures were OD600 normalized and sedimented by centrifugation. Supernatants were filtered and precipitated with 10% TCA. Proteins were resuspended in 1X SDS-digestion buffer and loaded into 12% SDS-PAGE gel (without a stacking gel) and electrophoresed 2 cm into the gel. The gel was stained with Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) then destained with distilled water over night. Proteins were then subjected to in-gel trypsin digestion and peptide extraction and the resulting peptides were then analyzed as described previously (Attia et al., 2010 (link)).
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5

Gel-based Protein Identification Protocol

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Eluted immunecomplexes were run in two parallel lanes of a precast NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris Gel (Invitrogen) and visualized with Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen). Both gel lanes were separately cut into slices and subjected to in-gel trypsinization (Promega) as previously described53 (link). Briefly, gel slices were subjected to reduction with 10 mM DTT, alkylation by 55 mM chloroacetamide and protein digestion by incubating with trypsin overnight at 37 °C.
Resulting tryptic peptides were extracted from the gel by serial incubations with 100% ACN and 30% ACN/3% TFA. Finally, the solutions obtained in all the incubations were pooled together and dried down in a vacuum centrifuge. Whereas peptides derived from one of the lanes were directly concentrated and desalted using C18 stage tips (made in house using Empore disc –C18 Agilent Life Science) to further analyze by LC-MS/MS, peptides derived from the other lane were subjected to TiO2 enrichment prior to MS analysis.
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6

In-Gel Tryptic Digestion for Mass Spectrometry

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The immunoprecipitates were run on an SDS-PAGE gel (NuPAGE® Novex 4–12% Bis-Tris gel; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) followed by staining with Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen). The SDS-PAGE gel was sliced into eight pieces for in-gel tryptic digestion using an in-gel tryptic digestion kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the excised gels were destained, reduced using Tris [2-carboxyethyl] phosphine (TCEP) and alkylated using idoacetamide (IAA). The alkylated gel pieces were dehydrated in 100% acetonitrile (ACN) and digested with mass spectrometry (MS) grade trypsin in 25 mM NH4CO3 for 12 h at 30°C. The digested peptides were evaporated using a vacuum concentrator and cleaned using C18 spin columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for MS analysis.
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7

Proteomic Analysis of Tissue Samples

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Protein extraction was carried out by homogenizing the tissue in buffer consisting of proteinase and phosphatase buffers using Tissue Tearor (Biospec Products, Bartlesville, OK). Protein concentrations were determined with the Pierce BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). SDS sample buffer was added directly to the protein extracts, boiled and resolved in a short stack (5 min) by 4–12% SDS Bis-Tris PAGE (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), stained overnight with colloidal blue (Invitrogen), then destained with ddH2O for 4 h. The entire stained region was excised, equilibrated in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate, reduced, carbidomethylated, further destained, dehydrated, and finally digested with Trypsin Gold according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Promega, Madison, WI). Following digestion, peptides were concentrated under vacuum and resolubilized in 0.1% formic acid prior to 1D reverse phase nLC-ESI-MS analysis.
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8

Phosphopeptide Enrichment and Proteome Quantification

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For phosphopeptide (pSer/Thr/Tyr)
isolation, we used filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)27 (link) followed by fractionation using strong cation
exchange (SCX) chromatography and TiO2-based phosphopeptide
isolation (based on refs (28 (link) and 29 (link)) and described previously in refs (25 and 60 (link))). In parallel, quantitative SW48 isogenic cell-line proteome analyses
were carried out by resolving a 50 μg aliquot of each SILAC
mixture by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a
4–12% NuPAGE gel (Invitrogen), prior to protein visualization
by Colloidal Blue staining (Invitrogen). Gel lanes were then cut into
48 bands each, according to protein content, in-gel digested overnight
at 37 °C with trypsin (4 ng/μL working concentration; Trypsin
GOLD, sequencing grade, Promega) to cleave C-terminal to arginine
and lysine residues, dried, and redissolved in 0.05% TFA prior to
LC-MSMS analysis of each gel slice.
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9

Protein Extraction and Fractionation Protocol

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Each cell pellet was lysed in B-per supplemented with lysozyme, Dnase I, and EDTA using the B-PER Kit (Pierce, Thermo Fisher Scientific) following manufacturers’ instructions. Protein concentrations of the cell lysates were determined with the BCA protein assay (Pierce, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Twenty micrograms (20 µg) of protein from each sample was diluted in LDS PAGE buffer (Invitrogen) followed by reducing, heat denaturing, and separation on a 10% SDS Bis-Tris gel (Invitrogen). The gel was stained overnight with Colloidal Blue (Invitrogen), and the two most abundant bands, A and B (Figure 1), were first carefully excised. Based on staining intensities, the rest of the gel lane was then cut into six nearly equal fractions from the top to bottom, and all eight of the resultant gel bands were then equilibrated in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate (AmBc). Gel slices were reduced, carbidomethylated, dehydrated, and digested with Trypsin Gold (Promega) as per manufacturers’ instructions. Following digestion, peptides were extracted, volumes were reduced in a SpeedVac to near dryness, and re-suspended to 20 µL using 95% ddH2O/5% ACN/0.1% formic acid (FA) prior to analysis by 1D reverse phase LC-ESI-MS2 (as outlined below).
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10

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Protein Complexes

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Purified complex elutions (BRD9, BRD7, Mock) or glycerol gradient fractions (DPF2, fractions 13–14) were concentrated using StrataClean beads, loaded onto 4–12% SDS PAGE gels, migrated 2cm into the gel, and stained with colloidal blue (Invitrogen). Stained samples were excised and sent to Taplin Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility at Harvard Medical School for analysis. Heatmap displaying log2(number of total peptides+1) was created using Seaborn.
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