3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), glucose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), Tris-HCl, ethanol, Folin–Ciocalteu and sodium carbonate, gallic acid, KCl, sodium acetate, and tartaric acid were provided by Sigma Chemical Co. (Stockholm, Sweden). Potato dextrose agar (PDA), plate count agar (PCA), MRS agar, a YDP medium, and peptone were obtained from Fluka (Munich, Germany). The isolation and identification of endogenous microflora were conducted via API 20C and API50 CHB/E tests (bioMérieux, Inc., Durham, NC, USA).
2 2 diphenyl 1 picryl hydrazyl hydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate is a crystalline organic compound commonly used as a free radical scavenger in laboratory settings. It serves as a standard for evaluating the radical scavenging ability of antioxidant substances.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 4 6 tripyridyl s triazine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonium molybdate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrated sodium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
23 protocols using 2 2 diphenyl 1 picryl hydrazyl hydrate
1
Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential
2
Cheese Production with Satureja bachtiarica
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Satureja bachtiarica leaves (SBL) were purchased from a local store and their species were verified by the Institute of Medicinal Plants, Shiraz, Iran. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH, 95% purity) and other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The starter (WhiteDaily 82) was obtained from Chr Hansen (Hoersholm, Denmark). The rennet (Fromase 2200 TL Granulate ≥ 2200 international milk-clotting units/g) was a microbial coagulant from DSM Food Specialties (Seclin, France). Salt (sodium chloride) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Raw milk and cheese production equipment was provided by Amol Kalleh Dairy Co. (Mazandaran, Iran).
3
LDH-based Polymer Composites Synthesis
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LDH intercalated with the nitrate anion (LDH-NO3) with the molecular formula [Mg0.66Al0.34(OH)2](NO3)0.34·0.5 H2O was purchased from Prolabin & Tefarm (Perugia, Italy). LDH modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (LDH-DS) prepared as reported in the literature [53 (link)] was used for comparison purposes. Rosmarinic acid 96%, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid 97%, sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDS) ≥ 99.0%, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) 97%, all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), were used as received. IR-grade KBr (Pike Technologies) was used as received.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Ingeo TM 2003D, Extrusion Grade, with a density of 1.24 g cm−3, 4.1 wt% D isomer (NatureWorks LLC, Plymouth, MN, USA), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) BioPBS FD92PM with a density of 1.24 g cm−3, produced by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), were used as polymer matrices. chloroform ACS reagent ≥ 99.8%, chloroform, HPLC grade, ≥99.8% (ethanol-stabilized), and ethanol ACS reagent 96% from Sigma-Aldrich and acetone ACS reagent ≥ 99.6% and methanol 99+% extra pure from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) were used as received.
All suspensions were prepared with CO2-free deionized ultrapure water (18.2 MOhm cm) obtained using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Ingeo TM 2003D, Extrusion Grade, with a density of 1.24 g cm−3, 4.1 wt% D isomer (NatureWorks LLC, Plymouth, MN, USA), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) BioPBS FD92PM with a density of 1.24 g cm−3, produced by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), were used as polymer matrices. chloroform ACS reagent ≥ 99.8%, chloroform, HPLC grade, ≥99.8% (ethanol-stabilized), and ethanol ACS reagent 96% from Sigma-Aldrich and acetone ACS reagent ≥ 99.6% and methanol 99+% extra pure from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) were used as received.
All suspensions were prepared with CO2-free deionized ultrapure water (18.2 MOhm cm) obtained using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
4
Defatting and Antioxidant Evaluation of Rice Bran
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Kum Doi Saket rice bran was purchased from a local grinding mill company (Organic Germinated Brown Rice Community Enterprise, Chiang Mai, Thailand) and defatted using hexane7 ,8 (link). Chemicals used in the experiments, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethychroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), sulfur trioxide–trimethylamine (STMA), anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), D-glucose and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other reagents in this experiment were analytical grade purchased from Union Science Co., Ltd. (Chiang Mai, Thailand).
5
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Moringa
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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), citric acid (CH2COOH2), chitosan powder (90% DD, degree of deacetylation), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ethylene diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), agarose, iron (III) chloride (FeCl3), hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2), and L-ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and LB broth, Petri dish, and 96-well polystyrene plates from (Thermo Scientific™. Waltham, MA, USA) Moringa was purchased from the local supermarket.
6
Analytical Characterization of Polyphenols
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Analytical-grade chemicals were the only ones utilized in all the tests. Chemicals for identifying and characterizing compounds were supplied by Sigma Aldrich, located in Darmstadt, Germany. To estimate polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the following materials were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia): potassium ferrocyanide (III), hydrated sodium acetate, trichloroacetic acid, vanillin, ammonium molybdate, sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), catechin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,4,6 tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), and 3-hydrobenzoic acid, as well as quercetin.
7
Comparative Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibition
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Tyrosinase from mushroom lyophilized powder (EC 1.14.18.1), hyaluronidase from bovine testes (EC 3.2.1.35), gallic acid, kojic acid, Trolox, l -ascorbic acid, l -tyrosine, l -DOPA, trifluoroacetic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,4,6 tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and 2,2’-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), acetic acid (CH3COOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), sodium chloride (NaCl), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) were purchased from RCI Labscan Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Bovine serum albumin, AR grade ethanol, and HPLC grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
8
Analytical-Grade Reagents for Research
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All chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade. Compounds such as the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, quercetin, kanamycin, vancomycin, α-tocopherol, tert-butyl-4-hydroxy toluene (BHT), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), and gallic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea), and nitric acid (HNO3) was purchased from Showa Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ultrapure distilled water, which was used in the analysis, was purchased from the Zeneer power 1 system (Human Corporation, Seoul, Korea). The 19 multielement standards used in the analysis (micro- and macro-elements) were purchased from Perkin Elmer (Seoul, Korea). The multielement stock solutions were obtained from Quality Control Standard 26, (Inorganic Ventures, Christiansburg, VA, USA). All analytical equipment required for sample preparation and mineral quantification were cleaned with HNO3 (2%, v/v) and rinsed thrice with ultrapure water.
9
Antioxidant Capacity Determination
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Methanol, dichloromethane, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol, and gallic acid were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
10
Hydrogen Radical Scavenging Capacity
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The free radical scavenging activity of H2 was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging photometric assay and compared to the activity of vitamin C. Twenty microliters of each sample solution [0.01-1 mM of vitamin C (Sigma-Aldrich, Seelze, Germany), 0.01–0.8 mM of H2 (HHW), and 0.0001–0.1 mM of H2 (NHW)] and 200 ml of DPPH solution [2 mM of 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (Sigma-Aldrich, Seelze, Germany) prepared in methanol] were added to each micro plate. Samples were then incubated in the dark at room temperature for 10 min, and the absorbance (Ab) was measured at 540 nm using a microplate reader. Radical scavenging activity was calculated using the following equation: % antioxidant activity = [12(Ab of sample/Ab of blank)] ×100, as described previously (Amitani et al., 2013 (link)).
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