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23 protocols using lipopolysaccharides lps from escherichia coli o111 b4

1

Investigating Immune Response to Ibrutinib and LPS

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Ibrutinib (Cambridge BioScience, UK); LPS (Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4, Sigma, UK), general anaesthetic used.
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2

Bovine Macrophage Response to Ureaplasma

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Bovine macrophages (4 × 105 cells/mL) were inoculated with live U. diversum strains ATCC49782 (106, 105, and 104Ureaplasma/mL) and CI-GOTA (105, 104, and 103Ureaplasma/mL), as well with inactivated U. diversum strains ATCC49782 (inactivated from 106Ureaplasma/ml) and CI-GOTA (inactivated from 105Ureaplasma/mL). Infected monolayers were incubated for 6, 12, and 24 h at 37°C in 5% CO2. Regarding the extracted-lipoproteins, macrophages were inoculated with UdLAMPs from both strains at concentrations of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 μg/mL for 2, 6, and 12 h. Macrophages inoculated with PBS and 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharides (LPS - Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4, Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. At each time, cells were collected, suspended in RNAlaterTM (Invitrogen, Brazil) and frozen at −70°C for subsequent mRNA extraction. All experiments were performed in triplicate with three independent repetitions (n = 9).
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3

Immunobiology of Murine B Cells

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CD19 + cells were isolated from mouse spleens using Microbeads anti-CD19 + (Miltenyi, #130–121-301) and the purity of cells was assessed by flow cytometry using an antibody against CD19 (CD19 FITC (BD, clone CL1D3, #557,398). For western blot analysis, 2 × 106 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and stimulated for 1 h. For flow cytometry analysis and RT-qPCR 1 × 106 cells were seeded in 12-well plates and stimulated for 3 days. The following TLR agonists were used: the TLR4 agonist LPS (Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4, Sigma, #L4130) (1 µg/ml), the TLR9 agonist CpG 1826 (TriLink Biotechnologies, #I66-G01A) (5 µg/ml), the TLR3 agonist Poly I:C (Polycytidylic-inosinic acid potassium salt, Sigma, #P1038) (5 µg/ml). After stimulation cells were collected and washed in PBS. Dry pellets were stored at -80 °C for western blot analysis, while fresh samples were stained with the different antibodies for flow cytometry analysis of activation (FITC-CD19, BD, clone CL1D3, #557,398 and PE-CD86, eBioscience, clone GL1, #12–0862-82).
To evaluate TLR9-MYD88 cascade in OPL239/OPL241 DLBCL cell lines, 1,5 × 106 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and stimulated with 5 μg/ml CpG for 30 min for western blot and 3 h for RT-PCR. Cells were washed in PBS and dry pellet stored at -80 °C for analysis.
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4

Comprehensive Inflammation Profiling Assays

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Vinyl chloride permeation tubes were obtained from Kin-Tek (La Marque, TX). Primers and probes for real-time PCR were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA) and ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Sources of antibodies used for western blotting were: anti-catalase, -SOD2, -HO1, -cleaved caspase 1 p20, -NRF2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX); anti-SOD1 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA); anti-SOD3 (Novus, Centennial, CO). Sources of antibodies for the flow cytometry include: FITC-anti-Sca-1 (Ly-6A/E), APC-anti-Flk1 (CD309), APC-eFluor780-anti-CD41, PE-Cyanine7-anti-Sca-1, FITC-anti-Nk1.1, PE-anti-Ly6C, PerCPe710-anti-CD8, PECy7-anti-CD62, APC-anti-CD19, Alexa700-anti-Gr-1, APCe780-anti-CD3, eVolve605-CD11b, and e650-anti-CD4 antibodies were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Cat# 2630. Fc Block (CD32/CD16) (Leinco Technologies; St. Louis, MO), counting beads (Spherotech; Lake Forest, IL), BSA (Rockland Immunochemicals, Limerick, PA). All other chemicals and enzymes were from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO), or Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).
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5

Stimulating T Cell Activation

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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was used at 10 ng/mL, Ionomycin, Brefeldin A (BFA), Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B from Staphylococcus aureus (SEB) were used at 1 μg/mL, all from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA. All reagents were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions and aliquots stored at −20 °C (or 4 °C for SEB) until use.
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6

Extraction and Purification of Phytochemicals

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Ethanol for extraction was purchased in HSL quality from CSC Jäcklechemie (Rauschwitz, Germany) and purified by evaporation. Chemicals in p.a. grade were supplied by VWR (Radnor, PA, USA; heptane, n-hexane) or Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA; formic acid, ethyl acetate, methanol), whereas HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were provided by Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Curzerenone and furanoeudesma-1,3-diene were purchased from PhytoLab(Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Chloroform-d3, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), budesonide (bud), lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS), thiazolyl blue (MTT), Triton X-100 and valinomycin were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell culture supplies DMEM High Glucose, RPMI-1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin (P/S), glutamine stable, MEM non-essential amino acids (NEAA), trypsin–EDTA, and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) were provided by Biowest (Riverside, MO, USA). The 2-Mercaptoethanol was obtained from Gibco (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), the isopropanol from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) and the hydrochloric acid 1 mol/L (1 N) from Tritipur (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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7

Crabrolin21 Antimicrobial Peptide Protocol

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The peptide (FLPKILRKIVRALAKVGIKVA-NH2), named crabrolin21 hereafter, was obtained from Proteogenix at 98% purity.
1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DMPG), 1,2-Dihexanoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DHPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol) (POPG) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, and their purity was >99%. Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
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8

Pharmacological reagents for cell signaling

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PSB 777 ammonium salt, 2-Cl-IB-MECA, SCH 58261, and PSB 10 hydrochloride were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Concentrated (10 mM) stock solutions prepared in DMSO were stored at −20 °C. In each experimental session, aliquots of concentrated solutions of compounds were thawed and conveniently diluted in the appropriate experimental solution. Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were purchased from SigmaAldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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9

Investigating MRSA Susceptibility to Drugs

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Rifampin (RIF), mPEG5k (Mn: 5 kDa), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC BAA41) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
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10

Investigating Oxidative Stress Signaling

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Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (mGO) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli O111:B4 (LPS) and streptozotocin (STZ) were from Sigma/Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Rho inhibitor CTO4 and Rac activator CN04 were from Cytoskeleton (Denver, CO). Human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ). ROS inhibitor, Trolox, and caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX).
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