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5 protocols using aunps

1

Characterization of 10 nm AuNPs

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AuNPs (10 nm) were purchased from XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The morphology of the AuNPs was examined via TEM (JEOL JEM-1400, Japan), and the primary size of the AuNPs was determined by measuring at least 50 randomly selected particles using ImageJ software. The absorption spectra were obtained via spectral scanning at wavelengths of 400–900 nm using a microplate reader (Thermo Varioskan® Flash, USA). The hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of AuNPs dispersed in ultrapure water, PBS, or DMEM solutions (Gibco, USA) were determined using a Zetasizer Nano ZSP (Malvern, UK).
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2

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-CPDs@FLBP

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N-CPDs@FLBP was synthesized via a one-step microwave-assisted method based on previous work [25 (link)], which used 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and BP powder as the raw materials with microwave treatment and centrifugation to obtain the resultant nanocomposite. The detailed procedure was described in reference [25 (link)]. BP powder (>99.998 %) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, average particle size 40.0 nm) (Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China), NMP (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), nafion (NF, 5.0 wt% in ethanol solution, Honghaitian Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), 1-hexylpyridine hexafluorophosphate (HPPF6, Lanzhou Greenchem ILS. LICP. CAS., Lanzhou, China), the rutin pharmaceutical tablet (20.0 mg per tablet, Tianjin Lisheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China), and flos sophorae immaturus (FSI, Linshi Shengtai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Haikou, China) were used in the experiment.
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3

Ultrasensitive ctDNA Detection using PNA Probes

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The oligonucleotides used in this study had the following sequences: PNA probe for hot-spot E542K: 5′-HS-AGTGATTTTAGAGAG; PNA probe for E542K: 5′-HS-CCTGCTTAGTGATTT; ctDNA: 5'-CAmCGAGATCCTCTCTCTGAAATCACTGAGCAGGAGAAAGATTTTCTATGGAGTCACAGACACTATTGTG and 3'-GTGCTCTAGGAGAGAGACTTTAGTGACTmCGTCCTCTTTCTAAAAGATACCTCAGTGTCTGTGATAACAC were purchased from TSINGKE Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Apoferritin, lead nitrate, human serum (H4522), avidin, biotin N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (biotin-NHS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), acetate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer were the products of Sigma-Aldrich. Monoclonal anti-5-Methylcytosine antibody (anti-5-mC) was obtained from Epigentek Group Inc. (Farmingdale, NY). AuNPs were purchased from XFNANO (Nanjing, China). Cancer patient serum was provided by Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China). Other reagents were commercially available and were of analytical grade. All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (≥18 MΩ, Millipore).
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4

Recombinant Protein Synthesis and Characterization

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The SARS-CoV-2 S_RBD-His recombinant protein (S_RBD), SARS-CoV S_RBD-His recombinant protein, MERS-COV S_RBD-His recombinant protein, HCoV-NL63 S1-His recombinant protein and SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus were obtained from Sino Biological, China. LY-13 lysis buffer purchased from AcroBiosystem, China. The modified peptides [3'-(CH2)7-CONH-Cys] were purchased from Glbiochem, China and the purities (95%) were measured by LCMS (Fig. S1). AuNPs in diameter of 10–20 nm were purchased from XFNANO, China. Phosphate-buffered saline [PBS; 10 mM sodium phosphate and 25 mM NaCl (pH 7.2)] was prepared using BupH Packs and NaCl from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All solutions were prepared using molecular-grade, ultrapure, sterilized water. Before use, stock solutions of 0.25 mg mL− 1 recombinant proteins and 1 mg mL− 1 affinity peptides were prepared in ultrapure water and stored at − 80 °C until dilution to the required concentrations with PBS.
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5

Nanoparticle Characterization and Preparation

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Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was purchased from Hyclone Laboratories Inc. (Chicago, IL, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and uranyl acetate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). EDTA-free mini protease inhibitor tablets were obtained from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). AuNPs, UCNPs, PEG-AuNPs, and PEG-UCNPs were purchased from XFNano (Nanjing, China). The RPMI 1640 medium and Hoechst 33,342 were purchased from Yeasen (Shanghai, China). All of the aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water (DI water) produced with a Milli-Q purification system.
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