Isopropylβ d 1 thiogalactopyranoside iptg

All strains used in this study are listed in Table S1. Escherichia coli C41 (λDE3) (Miroux and Walker, 1996 (link)) and DH5α (New England Biolabs) strains were grown at 37 °C in lysogeny broth (LB, Difco). Strains used for growth analysis were derivatives of Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium LT2 and grown at 37 °C in nutrient broth (NB, Difco) containing NaCl (85 mM), or no-carbon essential (NCE) minimal medium (Berkowitz et al., 1968 (link)) supplemented with sodium acetate (10 mM), L-methionine (0.5 mM), MgSO₄ (1 mM), and trace minerals (Atlas, 1995 ). Antibiotics were used at the following concentrations: ampicillin, 100 μg mL⁻¹; chloramphenicol, 20 μg mL⁻¹. All chemicals were purchased from Fischer unless noted otherwise; chloramphenicol, L(+)-arabinose (Sigma-Aldrich); ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA, VWR); and isopropylβ-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG, IBI Scientific). All restriction enzymes were purchased from Thermo Scientific^™ with the exception of BspQI (New England Biolabs). DNA sequencing was performed using Big Dye® Terminator v3.1 protocols (Applied Biosystems). DNA sequencing was performed at the Georgia Genomics Facility.