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5 protocols using hmr 1556

1

Cardiac Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging

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Cells were washed 5 times with indicator-free Tyrode’s solution. After reconstituting the 2 mM VF2.1Cl dye to 1 mM in 10% Pluronic F-127, then diluting the dye to 100 nM in Tyrode’s solution, the VF2.1Cl dye (MilliporeSigma) was added to each well for 50 minutes in a 37°C 5% CO2 incubator. The cells were then washed 5 times with indicator-free Tyrode’s solution and returned to the 37°C 5% CO2 incubator for 10 minutes to recover. The dye was excited at 514 nm wavelength, and time series images were acquired at an acquisition frequency of 45 Hz for 40 seconds in Epi-fluorescence mode using Zeiss Laser TIRF Microscope fitted with a Hamamatsu ORCA-Flash 4.0 V3 digital CMOS camera C13440-20CU. HMR-1556 (Tocris) was added at a concentration of 1 μM 30 minutes prior to image acquisition and incubated in a 37°C 5% CO2 incubator. APD90 was calculated as described previously (55 (link)).
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2

Detailed Compound Sourcing for Studies

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The compounds used in these studies were supplied as follows: BaCl2 and dofetilide by Sigma‐Aldrich (Munich, Germany); heparin by Braun (Germany); HMR‐1556 by Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK); isoprenaline by Hospira Inc., (USA); S‐ketamine by Pfizer (USA); thiopental‐sodium by Inresa (Germany); xylazine by Bayer (Germany).
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3

Cardiac Ion Channel Modulation

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All animal handling and laboratory procedures conform to the approved protocols of the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee confirming to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institute of Health (8th edition, 2011). Chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich if not specified otherwise. E-4031 and HMR-1556 were from Tocris. All experiments were conducted at 36±0.1 °C.
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4

Electrophysiological Measurements of Ion Channel Modulators

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ML277, (N-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl]-N-methylmetanesulfonamide; HMR1556, referred to as HMR in this article), and N-trityl-3-pyridinemethanamine (UCL2077) were obtained from Tocris Biosciences and were dissolved at high concentrations in DMSO and stored at −20°C as per the manufacturer’s instructions. They were diluted >1,000-fold in the bathing solutions before the electrophysiological measurements. All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
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5

Pharmacological Agents for Vascular Research

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Phenylephrine hydrochloride, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), ANP (127–150 rat), XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone dihydrochloride), carbachol chloride, isoprenaline hydrochloride, forskolin, mefenamic acid, diclofenac sodium, levcromakalim and retigabine were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich. Linopirdine hydrochloride, HMR1556 (N-[(3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran-4-yl]-N-methylmetanesulfonamide), treprostinil, R-L3 (5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), ML277 ((2R)-N-[4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2-piperidinecarboxamide), ICA-069673 (N-(2-Chloro-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-difluorobenzamide), GW0742, SC-51322 and iberiotoxin were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Sildenafil citrate was supplied by Cambridge Bioscience (Cambridge, UK), A23187 was from Calbiochem (Beeston, Nottinghamshire, UK) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) from Aspire Pharma Ltd. (Petersfield, UK). Depending on solubility, stock solutions were prepared as 100 or 10 mM drug in water or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and stored as frozen aliquots. DMSO was present at <0.1% in the myograph chamber.
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