Recombinant tumor necrosis factor α

Jurkat, SupT1, HeLa, BCP-1, and Raji cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). 24STNLSG cells were licensed from The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (UMDNJ, now part of Rutgers University)[48 (link)]. ACH-2 and U1 cells were obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH. Cryopreserved PBMCs were purchased from AllCells, LLC (Alameda, CA). RPMI-1640, DMEM, hygromycin B, penicillin/streptomycin and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Ampicillin sodium salt, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), valproic acid (VA), sodium butyrate (NaBu), and trichostatin A (TSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). JQ1 was obtained from the Bradner laboratory (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA). Compound 1, 2-(4-(5-amino-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)benzoxazol-5-amine, was acquired from ChemDiv (San Diego, CA). Compounds 2–6 were synthesized at PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

HaCaT (CLS Cell Lines Service), a human keratinocyte cell line, was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 100 U/ml of penicillin G, and 100 µg/ml of streptomycin in 5% CO₂ at 37 °C. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IFN-γ were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) to stimulate HaCaT cells.