Clove oil

Febuxostat (FBX) powder was a kind gift from SPIMACO Addwaeih’s. (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Propylene glycol and clove oil were purchased from TEDIA Company, Inc. (Fairfield, OH, USA). Olive oil, linoleic acid 60% and isopropyl myristate 96% were purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel^® PH-101), fumed silica (0.007 µm), gelatin, Tween 80, Tween 20, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 and 400, triacetin, oleic acid, Lauroyl polyoxylglycerides (Gelucire^® 44/14, hydrogenated coconut oil with PEG 32), mannitol, castor oil, methanol, polyethylene glycol 40 stearate (Myrj^® 52), glycerin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xylitol, croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol^®), and starch were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Propylene glycol dicarprylate, Labrafil^® M1944, Labrafac^® WL1349, Labrasol^®, Transcutol^®, and Kolliphor^® were purchased from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Lactose was obtained from the Spectrum chemical manufacturing corporation (Gardena, CA, USA). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grades.

Lovastatin was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The clove oil, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, and Eu oil were procured from the Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA). Labrasol, Transcutol HP, Maisine CC, Capryol 90, and Labrafil M 2125 CS were generously gifted by Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Sorbitol, glyceryl tristearate, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), Tween 80, triacetin, sesame oil, oleic acid, olive oil, Carbopol 934, castor oil, methanol, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The HSC3 cell lines were a gift from the Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. All other solvents, chemicals, and reagents used were of analytical grade.