Drospirenone

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Drospirenone is a synthetic progestin used in the manufacture of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies. It acts as a progestogen and an antimineralocorticoid. Drospirenone is a key ingredient in the formulation of various pharmaceutical products developed by Merck.

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Drospirenone (DRSP) (2 citations)

5 protocols using drospirenone

Steroid Compound Acquisition and Characterization

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17β-DihydroAndrosterone (5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol; 3α-adiol), Androstanedione (5α- androstane-3,17-dione; 5α-dione), Androstenedione (androstene-3,17-dione; A4), Androsterone (5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one; AST), 5α-dihydro testosterone (5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one; DHT), Drospirenone (17-Hydroxy-6β,7β:15β,16β-dimethylene-3-oxo-17α- pregn-4-ene-21 carboxylic acid, DRSP), dutasteride ((5α,17β)-N-[2,5- Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-4-azaandrost-1-ene-17-carboxamide), gestodene (4,15- estradien-17β-ethynyl-18-homo-17α-ol-3-one, GES), indomethacin (1-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-5- methoxy-2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid) and testosterone (4-androsten-17β-ol-3-one; T) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). 11-KetoAndrostenedione (4-androstene- 3,11,17-trione; 11KA4), 11-ketotestosterone (4-androsten-17β-ol-3,11-dione; 11KT), 11- keto-5α-dihydro testosterone (5α-androstan-17β-ol-3,11-dione; 11KDHT) and 11- ketoAndrosterone (5α-androstan-3α-ol-11,17-dione; 11KAST) were purchased from Steraloids (Wilton, USA). testosterone-1, 2-D2 (T-D2) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, USA).

Barnard M., Quanson J.L., Mostaghel E., Pretorius E., Snoep J.L, & Storbeck K.H. (2018). 11-Oxygenated androgen precursors are the preferred substrates for aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3): implications for castration resistant prostate cancer.. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 183, 192-201.

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Receptor Binding Assay Protocol

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P₄, MPA, NET-A, levonorgestrel (LNG), gestodene (GES), nestorone (NES), nomegestrol acetate (NoMAC), drospirenone (DRSP), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), hydroxyflutamide (OHF), estradiol (E₂), fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) and phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate (PMA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, RSA. Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) was obtained from Celtic Diagnostics, RSA. Unlabeled mibolerone (MIB) and [³H]-MIB (84.3 Ci/mmol) were purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Science, RSA, while [³H]-E₂ (100 Ci/mmol) was obtained from AEC-Amersham, RSA.

Louw-du Toit R., Perkins M.S., Hapgood J.P, & Africander D. (2017). Comparing the androgenic and estrogenic properties of progestins used in contraception and hormone therapy. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 491(1), 140-146.

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Breast Cancer Cell Line Maintenance

Cited 1 time

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The human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was gifted by Prof. Adrienne Edkins (Rhodes University, RSA) and was maintained as previously described in [12 (link)], with only mycoplasma negative cells used in experiments. R5020 was purchased from Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Science, while P₄, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone (NET), levonorgestrel (LNG), gestodene (GES), nestorone (NES), nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), drospirenone (DRSP), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The human PR-A expression vector (pSG5-hPR-A) [13 (link)] and the pSG5-empty expression vector containing no eukaryotic promoter or enhancer sequences [14 (link)] were received from Dr. Eric Kalkhoven (University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands) and Prof. Gunnar Mellgren (University of Bergen, Norway), respectively. The pTAT-2x-progesterone response element (PRE)-E1b-luciferase promoter-reporter construct [15 (link)] was received from Prof. Guido Jenster (Erasmus University of Rotterdam, Netherlands), while the 5x-nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB)-luciferase promoter-reporter construct was purchased from Stratagene (Houston, Texas).

Cartwright M., Toit R.L, & Africander D. (2022). The transcriptional activity of progestins used in contraception and menopausal hormone therapy via progesterone receptor A is dependent on the density of the receptor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 639, 70-76.

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Glucuronidation and Metabolism Assay

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Drospirenone, p-nitrophenol (pNP), uridine 5 0 -diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), NADPH, 7-ethoxyresorufin (7-ER), bovine serum albumin (BSA; fatty acid free, ! 99% purity), methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). D8-17hydroxyprogesterone (d8-17P4) was obtained from C/D/N Isotopes (Quebec, Canada); d9-progesterone (d9-P4), d4pregnenolone (d4-P5), d3-testosterone (d3-T), pregnenolone (P5), progesterone (P4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17P4), 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17P5), androstenedione (AD) and testosterone (T) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 7-Benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin (7-BFC) was from Cypex (Dundee, Scotland, UK). Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) was obtained from Gibco (Life technologies). Primers of selected genes and SuperScript III Reverse Transcriptase were obtained from Invitrogen. All solvents were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Blanco M., Fernandes D., Medina P., Blázquez M, & Porte C. (2016). Drospirenone intake alters plasmatic steroid levels and cyp17a1 expression in gonads of juvenile sea bass. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 213.

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Lipid Profiling by LC-MS Analysis

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Drospirenone was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Alamar Blue (AB) and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM) were from Invitrogen (Life Technologies; Eugene, OR, USA). Fluorescamine was obtained from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). LC-MS grade water, methanol, dichloromethane and acetonitrile (≥99 %) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid was from J.T. Baker® (Deventer, Netherland). Nitrogen (purity >99.999%) was supplied by Air Liquide (Madrid, Spain). Lipid standards were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA).

Marqueño A., Pérez-Albaladejo E, & Porte C. (2019). Drospirenone induces the accumulation of triacylglycerides in the fish hepatoma cell line, PLHC-1. The Science of the total environment, 692.

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