Panavia v5 opaque

The intaglio surface of the zirconia FDPs of all groups were air-particle abraded with 50 μm aluminum-oxide at a pressure of 2 bar prior to adhesive bonding. Prosthetic restorations were subsequently cleaned with 70% ethanol for 3 min in an ultrasound bath (Bandelin Sonorex, Bandelin, Berlin, Germany), followed by the application of an MDP-containing primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Kuraray Noritake).
Polymer-infiltrated ceramic “tabletops” of Group RL were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (Vita Ceramics Etch, Vita Zahnfabrik) for 60 s, cleaned with water and dried with oil-free air and then a primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) was applied. PICN “tabletops” were then adhesively bonded with a self-curing composite cement (Panavia V5 opaque, Kuraray Noritake) to the air-particle abraded and MDP pretreated occlusal surface of the corresponding 3Y-TZP zirconia framework. The MDP Primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer) was also applied to the zirconia implants.
Afterwards, all zirconia FDPs were bonded with a self-curing composite (Panavia V5 opaque) to the one-piece ceramic implants. To allow a complete polymerization of the adhesive interface, all specimens were put in distilled water at 37 °C in an incubator (Universalschrank UF 55, Memmert, Schwabach, Germany) for 24 h [33 (link)]. Table 2 summarizes the pretreatments and resin cementation of all tested materials.

PICN implant restoration of Group E and PICN “table top” of Group RL were first cleaned with 70% ethanol and pretreated with 5% hydrofluoric acid (Vita Ceramics Etch, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), rinsed with air–water spray (30 s) and afterwards subjected to ultrasonic bath (distilled water; 5 min) and air-dried.
The intaglio crown surface of Group Z-HT, Z-ST and Z-XT were first air-particle abraded with 50 μm aluminum oxide at a pressure of 2 bar prior to cementation. The zirconia framework of Group RL was treated accordingly. All zirconia restorations (Z-HT, Z-ST, Z-XT and the zirconia framework of Group RL) were afterwards ultrasonically cleaned with 70% ethanol for 3 min and chemically modified with an MDP-containing primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan). PICN table tops of Group RL were adhesively luted with a self-curing resin composite cement (Panavia V5 opaque, Kuraray Noritake) to the pretreated zirconia substructure. The primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) was also applied to PICN restorations and to the implant abutment of the investigated one-piece ceramic implant. Table 2 summarizes the pretreatments and adhesive cementation of all tested materials. All implant restorations were afterwards bonded with a resin composite cement (Panavia V5 opaque) to the zirconia implants in the self-curing mode.