Isookanin

MCDB 131 medium, fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), hydrocortisone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and human recombinant VEGF was obtained from ProSpec (Rehobot, Israel). Isookanin (purity ≥ 98%) was obtained from ChemFaces Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, China) and dissolved in DMSO. Antibodies for phospho CREB and total CREB, phospho ERK1/2 and total ERK1/2, and cell cycle-related antibodies (Cyclin A₂, Cyclin B₁, Cyclin D₁) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA), while β-actin and secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). RPMI 1640 medium came from Cytiva (Marlborough, MA, USA), and penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics came from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). EZ-Cytox reagent was obtained from DoGenBio (Seoul, South Korea). Griess reagent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), protocatechuic acid, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The ELISA kits for PGE₂, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Isookanin was obtained from ChemFaces Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China), and dissolved in DMSO. The luciferase assay system and lipofectamine™ 3000 reagent were purchased from Promega Co. (Madison, TN, USA) and Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA), respectively. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) antibodies (p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-p38, p38, p-SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA), while secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).