Nor binaltorphimine dihydrochloride nor bni

BAA and minocycline were purchased from Zelang Bio-Pharmaceutical (Nanjing, China) and Northeast Pharmaceuticals Group (Shenyang, China). Nor-binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) and 5′-Guanidinonaltrindole (5′-GNTI) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). dynorphin A (1−17) with peptide sequences of YGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ was synthesized by Dan Gang Peptides Co. (Hangzhou, China) with purity not less than 98%. The rabbit polyclonal antibodies neutralizing dynorphin A were purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Burlingame, CA, USA), with specificity to dynorphin A (100%), but not to dynorphin B (0%), β-endorphin (0%), α-neo-endorphin (0%), or leu-enkephalin (0%) according to the manufacturer’s descriptions. Its specificity was also validated by the antigen absorption test from other laboratories (Wakabayashi et al., 2010 (link); Yamada et al., 2013 (link)). All of the reagents and drugs were diluted or dissolved in 0.9% normal saline or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF).