Tween20 p2287

All reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 98%), ammonium hydroxide solution (28% NH₃ in H₂O, 99.99% trace metals basis), and Tween20 (P2287) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C₁₉H₄₂BrN >98%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles (dispersion, <100 nm, 20 wt% in H₂O; Sigma-P Code: 721077) and commercial zinc oxide (powder, <5 μm, 99.9%; Sigma-P Code: 205532) were purchased as the substance for further characterization and comparison testing of the nanoparticles. Luria–Bertani medium was used for pathogen culture. Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol media (Cat. No.C6781; Lot No.437412) was used for the A. fumigatus culture obtained from Santa Maria-USA. Milli-Q water with a resistance greater than 18 MΩ, 99% ethyl alcohol, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 10×, pH 7.4) were used in the experiments.

Triton X-100 (T8787) and Tween-20 (P2287) detergents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and diluted to obtain 10% stock solutions by weighing (w/v). A sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 10% solution was purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA, 15553027). All subsequent dilutions annotated in figures were made from these stocks. Ammonium chloride solution (ACS) was from Stemcell Technologies (Vancouver, BC, Canada, 07800).