Nicolet in10 mx

Bruker ICON Atomic Force Microscope was applied to probe the sample surface in air. Infrared (IR) spectra of PG molecule were obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectromter Nicolet 6700 (Thermo Fisher). The IR transmission spectrum was obtained by Nicolet iN10 MX, Thermo Fisher company, and the scanning times was set at 256, while other parameters were set as default.

Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy was measured with a Nicolet iN10 MX (Thermo Fisher, USA) with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ at 25 °C and 50% RH. The Amide I region has been used to examine the secondary structure changes of protein39 . Secondary structure elements were assigned by the deconvolution results of the absorbance spectra ranging from 1580 cm⁻¹ to 1720 cm⁻¹. A baseline was subtracted from the spectra and a set of Gaussian peaks was fitted to the absorption curve. Data analysis was performed using the PeakFit routine of the Origin software (Ver. 8.5, OriginLab Corp.). The deconvoluted peaks for all assigned spectra are the same peak positions: random coil and helix structure at 1650 cm⁻¹, β-turn structure at 1678 cm⁻¹, and β-sheet structures at 1623 cm⁻¹ and 1697 cm⁻¹.

TEM images, HRTEM images, and elemental mapping images were collected using a JEOL JEM-2100F instrument. Normally, ~8–10 μL of ethanol suspension of materials was deposited onto a copper grid before observation. During sample preparation for elemental mapping, 1 mg mL⁻¹ of water dispersions of SiO₂@Ag-3 were mixed with 10 μg μL⁻¹ glucose (1/1, V/V) for 30 min and supernatant was discarded by centrifugation at 10,000×g for 10 min. The precipitates were washed and re-dispersed in water and put onto micro-grids for analysis. The inter planar space was measured by Digital Micrograph version 2.5 software (Gatan). SEM images and EDX spectra were recorded on Hitachi S-4800 by dropping the materials suspensions on the aluminum foil. Room temperature optical absorption spectra of the materials were obtained on an AuCy UV1900 spectrophotometer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed on Nicolet iN10 MX (Thermo Scientific, USA). Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were obtained on Micromeritics ASAP 2020 M and the samples were degassed in vacuum before tests. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering size measurements were performed on a Nano-ZS90 instrument in water at 25 °C (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK).

The morphologies of the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-5800, JEOL, Akishima, Japan) at an accelerator voltage of 15 kV. Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) was performed on SEM images using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) to determine the degrees of the nanofibers alignment. In order to analyze the compositions and crystallinities of the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Nicolet iN10 MX, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) in absorbance mode, and X-ray diffraction (XRD, D/MAX2200PC, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) over the 15–25° 2θ range were employed. A P(VDF-TrFE) spin-coated film was fabricated to study its diversity compared with the electrospun nanofibers. In addition, the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers were annealed at 130 and 140 °C for 2 h to investigate the variations in β-phase crystallinity.

A Thermo Fisher Nicolet iN10MX was used in reflectance mode. FTIR Spectra were recorded with the following parameters: 650–4000 cm⁻¹ spectral range, 4 cm⁻¹ resolution, 16 scans. Post-processing of the spectra was achieved with OMNIC software. Baseline correction and atmospheric correction were performed to remove residual signatures of atmospheric CO₂ and water in the spectra.

The compositional analysis of HAp-based powder and coatings was performed using a Nicolet iN10 MX Fourier transform (FT)-IR microscope from Thermo Fischer Scientific. All scans were recorded in the 4000–600 cm⁻¹ wavenumber range (4 cm⁻¹ resolution), in the reflection mode. The IR data were processed by using the OmincPicta 8.2 software (Thermo Fischer Scientific).

The absorbance of the nanofibrous film was measured at wave numbers ranging from 4000 to 400 cm⁻¹ with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (NICOLET iN10 MX, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).