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29 protocols using ab32358

1

Immunoprecipitation of CEBPB and PGC1α

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Cells (1 × 107) were disrupted with IP lysis buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Bimake). Protein aliquots (1000 μg) were incubated with 20 μL of Dynabeads Protein A (Invitrogen) for 1 hour at 4°C for pre‐clearing. The samples were incubated with 2 μg anti–CEBPB (ab32358; Abcam) or 2 μg IgG overnight at 4°C with mild shaking. IgG was used as a negative control. Then 20 μL of Dynabeads Protein A was added to samples and incubated for 2 hours at 4°C. The beads were washed 3 times with cold lysis buffer, then resuspended in 20 μL of 1× loading buffer diluted with lysis buffer and boiled for 5 minutes. The samples were analyzed by western blotting. The antibodies used for western blot detection were anti–PGC1α (ST‐1202; Millipore) and anti–CEBPB (ab32358; Abcam).
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2

High-Fat Diet and Adipogenesis Regulation

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HFD (TP23400, 60% high-fat model) was ordered from Nantong Trophy Feed (Nantong, Jiangsu, China). Sophoridine (HPLC, ≥98.6%, CAS: 6882-68-4) was purchased from Chengdu Durst (Chengdu, China). Antibodies against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ, ab209350) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα, ab32358) were purchased from Abcam. Antibodies against adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, 2138) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4, 2213) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4, sc-271529), cyclinB (sc-166152), P21 (sc-6246), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4, sc-23896), cAMP-response element binding protein (sc-377154), and β-actin (sc-47778) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). Antibodies against CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPβ, CY5065), cyclinD1 (CY5404), cyclinE2 (CY5821), c-Src (CY5459), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, CY10042), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, CY5385), phosphoinositide-3 kinase P85 alpha (P85α-PI3K, CY5355), AKT1/2/3 (CY5561), ERK1/2 (CY5487), P-P85α-PI3K (CY6427), P-AKT1/2 (Tyr315/316/312, AY0423), and P-ERK1/2 (Tyr185/Y187, CY5044) were purchased from Abways (Shanghai, China).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers

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Samples were lysed with RIPA containing 1% protease and phosphate inhibitor cocktail (P8340; Sigma-Aldrich). Proteins were run on 10% SDS-PAGE and then transferred to PVDF membranes, which were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight and probed by secondary antibodies. Blots were visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence (WBKLS0500; Millipore, Temecula, CA) and the ChemiDoc Touch detection system (Bio-Rad). The following primary antibodies were used: slug (9585; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; 1:1000), β-catenin (8480; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), p-eIF2α (3398; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), p-GSK3β (5558; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), GAPDH (ab8245; Abcam, Cambridge, England; 1:1000), C/EBPβ (ab32358; Abcam; 1:1000), N-cadherin (ab76057; Abcam; 1:1000), MMP-2 (ab92536; Abcam; 1:1000), AKT (ab8805; Abcam; 1:1000), p-AKT (ab81283; Abcam; 1:1000), vimentin (ab92547; Abcam; 1:5000), and cleaved caspase-3 (19677-1-AP; Proteintech, Rosemont, IL; 1:500).
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4

Adipocyte Protein Expression Analysis

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Mature adipocytes were harvested in cold RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, China) containing 1% phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, Beyotime).The concentrations of protein were determined by using a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Equal amounts of protein were loaded and analyzed by10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to 0.2-μm PVDF membranes. After blocking with 5% nonfat dry milk, the membranes were probed with the following primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C: rabbit polyclonal β-actin (Biosharp, China, BL005B, diluted 1:1000), monoclonal rabbit PPAR-γ (Abcam, ab178860, diluted 1:1000), polyclonal rabbit C/EBP-β (Abcam, ab32358, diluted 1:1000), and C/EBP-α (Abcam, ab40761, diluted 1:1000). The membranes were washed 3 times with TBST and incubated with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Biosharp, China, BL003A, diluted 1:5000) for 1 h at room temperature. All bands were visualized by using Beyo ECL Plus (Beyotime, China, P0018).
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5

ChIP Assay for CEBPB and CEBPD

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ChIP assays were carried out using SimpleChIP® Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (#9003, Cell Signaling) according to the supplier’s instructions. 1.5 X 107 T98G cells with or without CP-ATF5-DN treatment for 24 hours were cross-linked with formaldehyde and approximately 4 X 106 cells were used for each immunoprecipitation. Antibodies used were normal rabbit IgG (#2729, Cell Signaling), anti-CEBPB (ab32358, Abcam), and anti-CEBPD (ab198230, Abcam). Immunoprecipitation employed ChIP-Grade Protein G Magnetic Beads (#9005, Cell Signaling) and DNA purified from the immunoprecipitates was analyzed by qPCR using previously described primers for human IL6 and IL8 (25 (link)).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Biomarkers

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Proteins were electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE gels and transferred onto PVDF membranes. Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat skim milk and then incubated 4°C overnight with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-MMP2 (ab37150, Abcam, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-MMP9 (ab76003, Abcam, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-C/EBPβ (ab32358, Abcam, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-SMAD3 (A7536, Abclonal, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-p-SMAD3 (Ser423/425, #9520, CST, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-ERK (A11186, Abclonal, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-p-ERK (AP0472, Abclonal 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-PARP (#9532S, CST, 1μg/ml), rabbit anti-cleaved caspase3 (Asp175) (#9664S, CST, 1μg/ml), rabbit anti-IGFBP5 (A13858, Abclonal, 1μg/ml ), rabbit anti-p53 (ab26, Abcam, 1μg/ml ), mouse anti-PUMA: (sc-377015, Santa Cruz, 5μg/ml ), or rabbit anti-β-actin (bs-0061R, Bioss, 0.5μg/ml ). PVDF membranes were washed and then incubated with the corresponding horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (DingGuo, Beijing). Protein bands were developed using Chemiluminescence ECL Plus-Western Blotting detection reagents (Bio-Rad). The intensities of protein bands were quantified with Gel-Pro analyzer software with P-actin served as an internal control prior to statistical analyses.
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7

Co-Immunoprecipitation of YAP, TEAD4 and C/EBPβ

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Co-IP was conducted according to the instructions of the Pierce™ Classic Magnetic IP/Co-IP Kit (#88804, Thermo Fisher Scientific). In brief, cell lysates were incubated with anti-YAP antibody (#ab52771, Abcam), anti-C/EBPβ (#PA5-27244, Thermo Scientific) antibody or rabbit IgG overnight at 4°C to form antigen/antibody complexes. These antigen/antibody complexes were incubated with protein A/G magnetic beads at room temperature for 1h. Magnetic beads were then collected using a magnetic scaffold and washed twice with IP lysis/washing buffer and once with PBS. Magnetic bead precipitates were collected by centrifugation and 2×loading buffer was added. These magnetic beads-antigen-antibody mixtures were then boiled at 100°C for 10min. The levels of YAP, TEAD4, C/EBPβ and acetylated lysine were detected by western blot using anti-YAP (#ab56701, Abcam), anti-TEAD4 (#sc-101184, Santa Cruz), anti-C/EBPβ (#ab32358, Abcam) and anti-acetyl lysine (#ab21623, Abcam) antibodies.
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8

Adiponectin Signaling and Autophagy Regulation

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Antibodies against phospho-AMPK (2531) at Thr172, AMPK (2603), phospho-IKKα (Ser176)/IKKβ (Ser177; 2078S), IKKα (2682), IKKβ (2370), phospho-IκB at Ser32/36 (9246), IκB (4814), phospho-ULK1 at Ser317 (6887), and ULK1 (8054) were from Cell Signaling. Anti-PGC1α (ST1204) was purchased from Millipore. Antibodies against AdipoR1 (ab126611), AdipoR2 (ab77612), UCP1 (ab23841), and C/EBPβ (ab32358) were from Abcam. Anti-LC3B (L7543) from Sigma was used for Western blot, analysis and Anti-LC3 pAb (PM036) from MBL International was used for staining. Anti-adiponectin and anti-β-tubulin were kindly provided by Dr. Lily Dong (University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX) as described previously (Alsted et al., 2009 (link); Meng et al., 2017 (link)). AdipoRon (924416–43-3) and 5Z (253863–19-3) were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company. IRAK 1/4 inhibitor I (I5409) and rapamycin (R8781) were from Sigma-Aldrich. 3-MA (189490) was purchased from EMD Millipore. Two recombinant mouse adiponectin (full-length and mutated C39A) proteins (ab62957 and ab94676) were purchased from Abcam. Mouse ST2/IL-1 R4 antibody (MAB10041) was from R&D Systems.
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9

Immunofluorescent Analysis of PRMT1 and C/EBPβ

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After DMI induction for 1 day, 3T3-L1 cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min and permeabilized with 0.1% of Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min. Samples were then blocked in 4% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 1 h at RT and incubated with mouse anti-PRMT1 antibody (sc-166963, Santa Cruz) and rabbit anti-C/EBPβ antibody (ab32358, abcam) in 1% bovine serum albumin/PBS overnight at 4 °C. Washed three times with PBS, cells were then incubated with antimouse IgG secondary antibody–conjugated Alexa Fluor 488 and anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody–conjugated Alexa Fluor 555 for 1 h at RT. Nuclei were stained by DAPI, and samples were analyzed by confocal microscopy (Leica).
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10

ChIP-qPCR for C/EBPβ and HAS2-AS1 Binding

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To detect C/EBPβ and HAS2-AS1-binding sites, ChIP Assay Kit (ABCAM) was used to perform chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) according to the instructions and established protocol (Ke et al., 2020 (link)); 200–1,000 bp DNA fragments were obtained by sonication. HFL-1 cells were cross-linked with formaldehyde. Subsequently, non-specific IgG antibodies (ab172730, Abcam) and C/EBPβ antibody (ab32358, Abcam) were precipitated with chromatin overnight at 4°C. NaCl was used to reverse DNA cross-linking, qRT-PCR was used to detect HAS2-AS1 level, and 2–ΔΔCT was used to calculate.
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