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39 protocols using urea assay kit

1

Simultaneous Quantification of Ginsenoside, Vitamins, and Metabolites

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Ginsenoside Re (≥ 98.0% purity) was purchased from School of Chemistry, Jilin University (Changchun, China). Digoxin [internal standard (IS)] with purity of 98.0% or more was purchased from Pure Chemical Standard Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Vitamin B1 (≥ 99%), vitamin B2 (≥ 98%), vitamin B3 (≥ 99%), vitamin B5 (≥ 99%), vitamin B6 (≥ 99%), vitamin B7 (≥ 97%), vitamin B9 (≥ 97%), and vitamin B12 (≥ 98%) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Liver glycogen assay kits, urea assay kits, and lactic acid (LA) assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Ammonium hydroxide (HPLC grade) was purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China).
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns (Oasis HLB 3 cm3/60 mg) were purchased from Waters (Milford, MA, USA). Methanol and acetonitrile (both HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (NJ, USA). Milli-Q (Millipore) water was used in all experiments. All other chemicals were of HPLC or analytical grade.
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2

PLGA-Based Inhalation Formulation Development

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PLGA (Resomer® 502H) was purchased from Evonik industries (Darmstadt, Germany). CIPH was obtained from Meilun Biotechnology (Dalian, Liaoning, China). Breezhaler® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) was procured from the local pharmacy. Urea assay kits were purchased from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Acetonitrile and methanol were provided by Concord Technology (Tianjin, China). Deionized water was supplied by Milli-Q (Millipore®, Billerica, MA, USA). Other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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3

Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine Analysis

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Blood samples were obtained from aorta. Serum blood urea nitrogen and SCr concentrations were examined with the Urea Assay Kits and Creatinine Assay Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
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4

Serum Separation and Creatinine/Urea Measurement

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The serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000× g for 10 min at 4 °C. The sCr and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the CP-AKI and control groups were measured by using creatinine (sarcosine oxidase) and urea assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
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5

Serum Creatinine and Urea Levels

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The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by creatinine assay and urea assay kits respectively (Jiancheng Bioengineering, China).
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6

Serum Creatinine and Urea Analysis

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Blood from the heart was collected into homemade anticoagulant tubes with 3.8% sodium citrate, and serum was isolated by centrifugation at 3,000 × g for 10 min at 4°C. Serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured using creatinine assay kits and urea assay kits in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).
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7

Renal Calcium and CaOx Deposition

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Serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected using creatinine assay and urea assay kits, respectively (Jiancheng Bioengineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). The urine calcium and creatinine levels were measured using kits (Jiancheng Bioengineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) and the ratio of urine calcium to creatinine (UCa/Cr) was calculated. The renal tissues were placed in prechilled normal saline and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) to produce 10% kidney homogenates. Then, calcium contents in renal tissues were determined with kits (Jiancheng Bioengineering, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
The kidney samples were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at a thickness of 3 μm. The deposition of CaOx crystals in representative sections was identified using a polarizing microscope.
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8

Comprehensive Urinary Biomarker Assessment

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A mouse albumin ELISA kit (ab108792, Abcam, OR, USA) and creatinine assay kit (C011-2-1) were used to measure the urinary albumin and urine creatinine levels, and then, the results were used to calculate the UACR. Scr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured with the creatinine assay kit (C011-2-1), urea assay kit (C013-1-1), ALT assay kit (C009-2-1) and AST assay kit (C010-2-1) from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (JiangSu, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

Punicalagin Modulates Oxidative Stress

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Punicalagin (purity = 98%, CAS: 65995-63-3) was purchased from Herbpurify Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). A urea assay kit, a creatinine assay kit (sarcosine oxidase) and a urine microalbumin assay kit were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (China). A mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1 and a tissue mitochondria isolation kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Antibodies targeting the following proteins were used in this study: NLRP3 (A12694, Abclonal), Trx (A01219-1, BOSTER), TXNIP (sc-166234, Santa Cruz; A9342, Abclonal), IL-1β (A1112, Abclonal), caspase-1 (BM4291, BOSTER), GSDMD (A10164, Abclonal), β-actin (60008-1-Ig, Proteintech), NOX4 (14347-1-AP, Proteintech).
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10

Biomarkers of Paraquat Nephrotoxicity

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Serum and urine samples were collected 24 h after injection of PQ. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and urinary proteins were measured using the following commercially available kits: Creatinine (Cr) Assay Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute), Urea Assay Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute), Rat Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA Kit (FineTest, Wuhan, China), and Urine Protein Test Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).
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