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Trifluoracetic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany

Trifluoroacetic acid is a colorless, corrosive liquid commonly used as a reagent in organic chemistry laboratories. It is a strong acid with a pungent odor. The primary function of trifluoroacetic acid is as a solvent, deprotecting agent, and precipitation aid in various chemical reactions and purification processes.

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37 protocols using trifluoracetic acid

1

Functionalization of PDMS with CPTEOS

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Polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxy-terminated (PM 550, PDMS-OH), cyanopropyltriethoxysilane (CPTEOS), and dichloromethane (DCM) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Trifluoracetic acid (TFA), HPLC grade methanol, HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN), and HPLC grade water, were provided by J.T. Baker. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from Fluka Analytical and hydrochloric acid (HCl) from Meyer were also used. All reagents were at least 98% pure.
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2

Proteomic Analysis of B. pertussis

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Cultures of B. pertussis were pelleted by centrifugation (10,000× g, 4 °C, 10 min) to separate cell pellets and culture supernatants. Cells were resuspended in TEAB digestion buffer (100 mM Triethylammonium bicarbonate, pH 8.5, 2% sodium deoxycholate) and lysed by sonication. For analysis of supernatant fractions, supernatants were filtered through 0.22-μm filters and precipitated with 10% (w/v) trichloracetic acid (Sigma) overnight at 4 °C. Precipitated proteins were collected by centrifugation (14,000× g, 4 °C, 20 min), washed with 80% acetone (w/v) and finally dissolved in TEAB digestion buffer. Protein concentrations were determined using BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fischer Scientific) and 20 µg of protein per sample were used for protein analysis. Cysteines were reduced with M Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (60 °C for 60 min) and blocked with 1M methyl methanethiosulfonate (10 min, room temperature). Samples were digested with trypsin (trypsin to protein ratio 1:20) at 37 °C overnight. Digestion of samples was stopped by addition of trifluoracetic acid (Sigma) to a final concentration of 1% (v/v). SDC was removed by extraction with ethylacetate [68 (link)] and peptides were desalted on C18 column (Michrom Bio, Auburn, CA, USA).
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3

Naftifine Hydrochloride Transdermal Formulation

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Naftifine hydrochloride was purchased from ChemicalPoint (Deisenhofer, Germany). Ethanol 96% (Vilniaus degtinė, Vilnius, Lithuania), butyl acetate and ethyl acetate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany) and used as a solvent system. Triacetin which was used as plasticizer was kindly supplied by Lanxess (Leverkusen, Germany). Film-forming polymer Eudragit RL100 was kindly gifted by Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany). Salicylic acid (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany), glycerol (Applichem, Darmstad, Germany); 1.2-propandiol, polyethylenglycol 400, polyethylenglycol 1500, urea was purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) and used as chemical enhancers. Tween 60, Tween 40, citric acid monohydrate, sodium carbonate, acetone, benzoic acid, and methanol were used as enhancers and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Thioglycolic acid was kindly gifted by Merck Group (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile and trifluoracetic acid for chromatography analysis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany).
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4

MALDI-QTOF Imaging of Extracellular Matrix

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Samples were prepared as previously described for targeted collagen and extracellular matrix peptide imaging55 (link),101 (link)–104 (link). Briefly, deglycosylated samples105 ,106 (link) were antigen retrieved with 10 mM Tris, pH 9, autosprayed (M5, HTX-Technologies) with 0.1 µg/µL collagenase type III (Worthington) dissolved in ammonium bicarbonate pH 7.4, 1 mM CaCl2, and incubated at 38.5 °C with ≥85% humidity for 5 h. The matrix α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 1.0% trifluoracetic acid (Sigma), 50% acetonitrile (LC-MS grade, Fisher Chemical) and autosprayed (M5, HTX Technologies) onto tissue. Tissues were imaged on a MALDI-QTOF (timsTOF-flex, Bruker) in positive ion mode over m/z range 700–2500. Laser was adjusted to 20 µm2 and each pixel consisted of 300 laser shots. Images were collected with a laser step size of 60 µm. Data was visualized in SCiLS Lab Software (v2022b, Bruker) and processed for image segmentation and principal component analysis. Peak data were exported by mean spectrum processed as peak maximum and further statistical comparisons were done using Metaboanalyst 5.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.0. Exported peak intensities were visualized as heatmaps using the TM4 MultiExperiment Viewer suite107 (link) with clustering by Manhattan metric and single linkage.
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5

Amino-PEG500-UC540 Cellulose Membrane Protocol

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Amino-PEG500-UC540 cellulose membranes were obtained from Intavis AG Bioanalytical Instruments (Cologne, Germany). Amino acids for peptide synthesis were purchased from Calbiochem-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). BSA, acetic anhydride, N, N-dimethylformamide, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, DAPI, TRITC, and FITC labeled anti-rabbit IgG antibodies, TRITC-phalloidin, monodancylcadaverine, maleimide activated kit, Tween® 20, acetonitrile, monodancylcadaverine, tissue protease inhibitor cocktail, and trifluoracetic acid and were obtained from Sigma-Merck (St, Louis, MO, USA). Rabbit and goat alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-human-IgG (AP-anti-huIgG) and anti-rabbit IgG (AP-anti-rabIgG) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Super Signal R West Pico chemiluminescent substrate was from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, IL, USA). Centrifugal Filter Units (cutcoff 10 kDa) were from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA) and Nitro-Block II from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc (Waltham, MA, USA). Brain and heart infusion (BHI) medium from Difco and nitrocellulose membrane from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA).
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6

HPLC Analysis of Isoflavone Standards

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An HPLC grade acetonitrile and trifluoracetic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), ethanol from Stumbras AB (Kaunas, Lithuania). Ultrapure water (>18 MΩ cm) was used throughout the HPLC experiment. Standards of daidzein or 4’, 7- dihydroxyisoflavone (purity 99.9%) and genistein also known as 4’, 5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone (purity 99.3%) were obtained from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA) and formononetin (7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone)(purity ≥ 99%) from Fluka-Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The standard solutions were prepared by dissolving standard compounds in methanol (0.2-30 μg/mL).
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7

Mass Spectrometry Sample Preparation

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Xylene (analytical grade), ammonium bicarbonate, Sodium citrate, trifluor-acetic acid (TFA), formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AcOH), acetonitrile (ACN), methanol and α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) were purchased from Sigma. Polyimide coated fused silica capillary (75 μm ID) was from PostNova, C18 Reprosil Pur reversed phase material was from Dr. Maisch (Ammerbuch-Entringe, Germany), recombinant Trypsin was purchased from Promega (WI, USA), Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass slides were purchased from Bruker (Bremen, Germany), water was Milli-Q filtered.
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8

Solid Phase Extraction for Enzyme Assays

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Due to the high concentration of l-arginine and l-glutamic acid in the buffer used for purification of Rv3707c and MSMEG_2107, enzyme assays were unsuitable for HPAEC-PAD analysis without prior solid phase extraction. To this end, at each timepoint, reaction mixtures were loaded onto a Hypersep Hypercarb SPE cartridge (Thermo Scientific) which had been washed with acetonitrile and 50% THF in water and exhaustively equilibrated with water prior to loading. Reaction products were then eluted in 80% acetonitrile in ddH2O with 0.1% trifluoracetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and dried by evaporation in a SpeedVac concentrator before being reconstituted in the original volume of water.
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9

Glycoprotein Sample Preparation for Mass Spec

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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise noted. Snap-cap spin columns (SCSC), Aminolink resin, graphitized-active carbon column, HPLC-grade water, and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethylenediamine (EDA), p-toluidine (pT), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HBot), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) (liquid), EDC·HCl (powder), urea, ammonium bicarbonate, dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), N,N′-dimethylaniline (DMA), formic acid (FA), DMSO, hydrochloric acid (HCl), maltoheptaose (DP7), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 1×), sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3), sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, Tris-HCl, and trifluoracetic acid (TFA) were from Sigma-Aldrich. NaCl (5 M) was from ChemCruz Biochemicals. Peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), denaturing buffer (10×; 400-mM DTT and 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate), and reaction buffer (G7; 10×; 500-mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.5) were purchased from New England BioLabs (Ipswich, MA). Sequencing-grade modified trypsin was purchased from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI). HILIC SPE chromatography was prepared as follows: add Empty SPE (solid-phase extraction) frits to Grace Alltech Extract-Clean empty reservoir (1.5 mL; Fisher Scientific), load 500-μL TSKgel Amide-80 (Sigma-Aldrich), and cap resin using Empty SPE frits.
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10

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Protocol

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Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acid derivatives, di-isopropylethylamine, trifluoracetic acid, pyridine, phenol, ethanedithiol, thioanisole, (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate (COMU), and rink amide 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl N-[[4-[2-[bis(4-methylphenyl)methylamino]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate (MBHA) resin (0.5 mmol/g) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Caplugs Evergreen 5-inch chromatography columns, piperidine, DMF, and all other solvents (HPLC grade) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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