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4k 2.7k digital camera

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The 4k × 2.7k digital camera is a high-resolution imaging device capable of capturing video and still images with a resolution of 4096 × 2700 pixels. It is designed to provide high-quality visual data for various applications.

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10 protocols using 4k 2.7k digital camera

1

Imaging PDGF-Induced Nanoparticle Uptake

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Swiss 3T3 cells (4 × 105 per dish) were seeded in a 60-mm dish, and then serum-starved for 16 h. Streptavidin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (final concentration 2 nM) and biotin-PDGF-BB (final concentration 14 nM) were mixed in serum-free DMEM at 37°C for 10 min. Cells were stimulated by incubating in the PDGF/nanoparticle-containing DMEM for the indicated times. Cells were then rinsed with PBS and fixed in fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde at room temperature (RT), then scraped and pelleted into microtubes, and consecutively fixed overnight at 4°C, Cells were post fixed in 1% OsO4, dehydrated in a series of ethanol solutions (30%, 50%, 70%, 85%, 95%, 100%), and embedded in EMbed812 epoxy resin (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). 70nm ultrathin sections were cut, mounted on copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate by standard methods. Grids were viewed using a Philips CM12 TEM (Philips) transmission electron microscope and photographed with Gatan 4k × 2.7k digital camera (Gatan Inc.).
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2

Ultrastructural Analysis of Drosophila Ovaries

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Drosophila ovaries were dissected in PBS and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences (EMS) 16220) and 2% paraformaldehyde (EMS, 15710) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at room temperature for 1 hour, and then overnight at 4°C. Ovaries were post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide (EMS, 19150) for 1 hour at 4°C, then stained en bloc with 1% uranyl acetate (EMS, 22400) in double-distilled H2O at 4°C for 1 hour. Dehydration series were carried out at 4°C using ethanol from 30% and 50% to 70%, then room temperature at 85%. To preserve mitochondrial crista structure, dehydration steps were limited to 5 min each. Ovaries were processed in a standard manner and embedded in Araldite 502 (Ted Pella, 18060; ref. 40). 500 nm semi-thin sections were stained with 0.1% toluidine blue (EMS, 22050) to evaluate the area of interest. 60 nm ultrathin sections were cut, mounted on formvar coated slotted copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate by standard methods. Stained grids were examined under a Philips CM-12 electron microscope (FEI) and photographed with a Gatan (4k × 2.7k) digital camera. Electron micrographs in S2B and S2C Fig are representative of at least three germaria analysed per genotype with at least three sections viewed for each.
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3

Ultrastructural Analysis of Myelination

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Mice were deeply anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (150 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) and perfused with 4% PFA, 5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M sucrose in 0.1 M PB, pH 7.4. Corpus callosum, spinal cord and sciatic nerves and were collected. Tissues embedded in EMbed 812 were sectioned on a Leica UCT ultramicrotome (1 μm) and stained with a solution of 1% toluidine blue. For transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), 90 nm sections were placed on copper slotted grids or occasionally on mesh grids (Virginia Commonwealth University). Sections were stained with 3% uranyl acetate in 50% methanol for 20 min followed by lead citrate for 5 min. Grids were viewed on a Philips CM12 Tungsten Emission TEM at 120 kV and imaged with a GATAN 4k × 2.7k digital camera. 8-week-old samples were imaged on Talos 120C TEM (New York University). g-ratios were calculated by dividing the axon diameter by the total diameter of myelinated fiber. The percentage of heterochromatin area at the periphery over the total area of heterochromatin was measured by calculating the area of electron-dense signal directly bound to the nuclear periphery over the total area of electron-dense signal in the nuclei.
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4

Ultrastructural Analysis of Intestinal Organoids

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Intestinal organoids at day 3 were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, for 2 h and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1.5 h at room temperature, then processed in a standard manner and embedded in EMbed 812 (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Semithin sections were cut at 1 mm and stained with 1% toluidine blue to find the structure of interests. Then ultrathin sections (60 nm) were cut, mounted on 200-mesh copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Stained grids were examined under Philips CM-12 electron microscope and photographed with a Gatan (4k × 2.7k) digital camera. To quantify mitochondria, at least 20 epithelial cells in each organoid were observed, and mitochondria were classified as type 1 (mitochondria whose cristae are maintained), type 2 (mildly swollen and a moderate decrease in the number of visible cristae), and type 3 (severely swollen and >70% of cristae are missing, or highly dysmorphic electron dense mitochondria).
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5

Electron Tomography Imaging of Phagophore

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Conventional projection images were recorded on a Phillips CM12 transmission electron microscope, fitted with a Gatan 4k × 2.7k digital camera. Electron tomography data collection was performed in a system under the control of serialEM software. Dual tilt axis tomographic series (tilt angle ± 70°) were recorded at 200kV in a Tecnai F20 electron microscope at the New York Structural Biology Center. Images were acquired with a 4096 X 4096 CCD camera and binned by a factor of 2 at 8.85 nm pixel size. Image alignment and tomographic reconstructions were obtained using the Protomo software package. Fiducial-free single axis tomograms were combined using IMOD36 (link) and tomogram segmentation performed using the Amira software package. Models were constructed and rendered from segmented tomograms in IMOD37 (link). Tomograms of serial sections were aligned manually, guided by organelle membrane boundaries and the supported planar bilayer density. Segmentation and modeling was performed using IMOD38 (link). Phagophore morphology was interpreted as previously described39 (link).
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6

Electron Microscopy Analysis of Centriolar Satellites

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EM was performed as before with slight modification (Li et al., 2012 (link)). RPE1 cells were washed with PBS followed by fixation with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) supplemented with 2% paraformaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and 0.1% Ruthenium red. The cells were post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1.5 h at room temperature, and stained with 1% uranyl acetate, then processed in a standard manner and embedded in EMbed 812 (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for TEM. Serial thin (60 nm) sections were cut, mounted on 200 mesh or slotted copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Stained grids were examined using an electron microscope (model CM-12; Philips/FEI) and photographed with a 4-k × 2.7-k digital camera (Gatan, Inc.). TEM experiments were independently repeated three times. Cells with centrioles or cilia were observed in adjacent sections to score for centriolar satellites and/or ciliary vesicle phenotypes. Representative images were processed using Adobe Photoshop. In Fig. 7, the total numbers of cells for each indicated knockdown are: A (n = 91); B (n = 84); C (n = 118), D (n = 79); F (n = 93); G (n = 75); H (n = 102); and I (n = 69).
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7

Electron Tomography Imaging of Phagophore

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Conventional projection images were recorded on a Phillips CM12 transmission electron microscope, fitted with a Gatan 4k × 2.7k digital camera. Electron tomography data collection was performed in a system under the control of serialEM software. Dual tilt axis tomographic series (tilt angle ± 70°) were recorded at 200kV in a Tecnai F20 electron microscope at the New York Structural Biology Center. Images were acquired with a 4096 X 4096 CCD camera and binned by a factor of 2 at 8.85 nm pixel size. Image alignment and tomographic reconstructions were obtained using the Protomo software package. Fiducial-free single axis tomograms were combined using IMOD36 (link) and tomogram segmentation performed using the Amira software package. Models were constructed and rendered from segmented tomograms in IMOD37 (link). Tomograms of serial sections were aligned manually, guided by organelle membrane boundaries and the supported planar bilayer density. Segmentation and modeling was performed using IMOD38 (link). Phagophore morphology was interpreted as previously described39 (link).
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8

Ultrastructural Analysis of RPE1 Cells

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RPE1 cells were washed with PBS followed by fixation with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) supplemented with 2% paraformaldehyde, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and 0.1% Ruthenium red. Cells were post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1.5 h at room temperature, and stained with 1% uranyl acetate, processed in a standard manner, and embedded in EMbed 812 (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for TEM. Serial thin (60 nm) sections were cut, mounted on 200 mesh or slotted copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Stained grids were examined using an electron microscope (model CM-12; Philips/FEI) and photographed with a 4-k × 2.7-k digital camera (Gatan, Inc.).
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9

Immunolocalization of GFP-RtcB in HepG2 Cells

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HepG2 cells stably expressing GFP-RtcB were fixed in a fixative containing 2% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde in PBS (pH 7.4) for overnight at 4°C. After rinsing with PBS, cells were embedded with 10% gelatin, infused by sucrose, and cryosectioned. 80-nm sections were collected on electron microscopy grids. The grids were blocked with 1% cold water fish skin gelatin (Sigma) for 5 min, then incubated with rabbit anti-GFP antibody (Invitrogen) in blocking solution for 2 hour at room temperature. Following washing with PBS, a gold conjugated secondary antibody (18 nm Colloidal Gold-AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG, Jackson ImmunoReasearch) was incubated for 1 hour. The grids were fixed in 1% Glutaraldehyde for 5 min, washed with distilled water, contrasted and embedded in a mixture of 3% uranyl acetate and 2% methylcellulose (at a ratio of 1 to 9). All stained grids were examined under a Philips CM-12 electron microscope and photographed with a Gatan (4k × 2.7k) digital camera.
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10

Ultrastructural Analysis of Mitochondrial-ER Contacts in AML

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Cultured and primary AML cells were fixed in 0.1 mol/L sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde for 2 hrs and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide and 1% potassium ferrocyanide for 1 hr at 4°C. Then, block was stained in 0.25% aqueous uranyl acetate, processed in a standard manner, and embedded in EMbed 812 (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Ultrathin sections (60 nm) were cut, mounted on copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Stained grids were examined under Philips CM-12 electron microscope and photographed with a Gatan (4k × 2.7k) digital camera. For morphometric analysis of mitochondrial-ER contacts, mitochondrial perimeter, mitochondria-ER distance, and length of mitochondria-ER interface were measured using freehand tool in ImageJ (NIH) as shown in Fig. S2e.
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