Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)

DMEM, FBS, L-glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin and SYBR Gold (molecular biology grade) were procured from Invitrogen. Caspase-3 assay kit was procured from Thermo Scientific. All single stranded oligonucleotide sequences (Table S1) and the primers for RT-PCR (Table S2) were purchased from Integrated DNA technologies (IDT). DMSO, MTT, Hoechst 33258 and DAPI were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Merck). All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification unless otherwise stated. Ultrapure water (double-distilled) obtained from Milli-Q Gradient ultrapure water system (Millipore) and was used in all experiments. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AV-400 MHz spectrometer with chemical shifts reported as parts per million (ppm) (in DMSO-d6, tetramethylsilane as an internal standard) at 20 °C. UV-vis absorption and emission spectra were measured in quartz cuvettes of 1 cm path length. HRMS were obtained on Agilent Technologies 6538 UHD Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC/MS spectrometer. HPLC traces were obtained from Shimadzu analytical HPLC.

DMEM, foetal bovine serum (FBS) and l-glutamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Penicillin was purchased from HiMedia, India. HEK-293 and T24 cells were procured from NCCS, Pune, India. MTT reagent (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide was purchased from HiMedia, India. DMSO was purchased from HiMedia, India.
All melting points are uncorrected. The Infra-Red (IR) spectra for all the compounds were recorded on an FT-IR instrument (JASCO 4700). ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a BRUKER 400 spectrometer at 300 MHz in CDCl₃ or DMSO-d₆ using TMS as the internal standard, while ¹³C NMR was recorded on the same spectrometer at 75 MHz. Mass spectra were recorded on LCMS 8045, SHIMADZU Scientific. Elemental analysis was carried out using FLASH 2000 HT Analyzer. UV–visible spectrum was recorded using Cary 5000 Model, NIR-UV Spectrometer. Silica gel (ACME, 100–200 mesh) was used for column chromatography. Reagent grade solvents were used as per the standard protocols. The starting materials such as dehydroacetic acid, sarcosine, isatin and hydrazine were purchased commercially and dehydroacetic acid-based chalcones were synthesized as described in the literature^{46 (link)}.