C18 silica gel

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

C18 silica gel is a common stationary phase material used in liquid chromatography. It consists of silica particles with chemically bonded octadecyl (C18) functional groups. C18 silica gel is widely used for the separation and purification of a variety of organic compounds.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methanol, by Xilong (3 mentions) Gf254, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Xevo qtof ms, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Ecz 500 spectrometer, by JEOL (1 mentions) Silica gel g60, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Smart apex ccd crystallography system, by Bruker (1 mentions) 2401pc spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Sephadex lh 20, by Cytiva (1 mentions) P 1020, by Jasco (1 mentions) Avance 3 600 mhz, by Bruker (1 mentions) Silica gel, by Qingdao Marine Chemical (1 mentions) Drx 500, by Bruker (1 mentions) Silica gel 60 f254, by Qingdao Marine Chemical (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Chempur (1 mentions) Pentobarbital sodium, by Biowet (1 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ortho phosphoric acid h3po4 88, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Milli q water, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Silica gel (577 citations) C18 reversed-phase silica gel (18 citations) RP-C18 silica gel (17 citations) Reverse-phase C18 silica gel (5 citations) C18 silica gel spherical (3 citations) Silica gel 100 C18-Reversed phase (2 citations) C18 reverse-phased silica gel (2 citations)

9 protocols using c18 silica gel

Organic Synthesis Protocols Using Silica Gel Chromatography

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All the reactions were carried
out in screw cap reaction vials under an air atmosphere. All the solvents
were bought from Aldrich in sure-seal bottle and used as such. Chemicals
were bought from Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa Aesar, and TCI. For column chromatography,
silica gel (230–400 mesh) and silica gel C18 from Merck was
used. A gradient elution using n-hexane/ethyl acetate
and MeOH/H₂O was performed based on Merck aluminum TLC
sheets (silica gel 60F₂₅₄) and silica gel C18 on TLC plates.

Gupta S.S., Kumar R, & Sharma U. (2019). Regioselective Arylation of Quinoline N-Oxides (C8), Indolines (C7) and N-tert-Butylbenzamide with Arylboronic Acids. ACS Omega, 5(1), 904-913.

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Analytical Techniques for Natural Product Characterization

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High-resolution electrospray ionization (HRESIMS) was acquired on a waters Xevo QTOFMS (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). IR spectra were performed on a One Perkin Elmer infrared-100. NMR spectra were obtained on a JEOL ECZ-500 spectrometer at 500 MHz for ¹H NMR and at 125 MHz for ¹³C NMR, with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the internal reference. For the column chromatography, silica gel G60 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and C18 silica gel (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used. TLC was performed on precoated GF₂₅₄ (Merck, 0.25 mm) silica gel plates, and TLC spots were detected using 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol and then heated.

Mayanti T., Z.u.l.f.i.k.a.r., Fawziah S., Naini A.A., Maharani R., Farabi K., N.u.r.l.e.l.a.s.a.r.i., Yusuf M., Harneti D., Kurnia D, & Supratman U. (2023). New Triterpenoids from Lansium domesticum Corr. cv kokossan and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules, 28(5), 2144.

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Comprehensive Analytical Characterization

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Optical rotations were obtained with a JASCO P-1020 digital polarimeter, using MeOH as solvent. UV spectra were taken on Shimadzu 2401PC spectrophotometer. CD spectra were obtained by a Chirascan instrument. ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR experiments were measured on Bruker DRX-500 and Avance III-600 MHz spectrometers (Bruker, Zürich, Switzerland) with the solvent signal as internal reference. Mass spectra were collected from a VG Autospec-3000 spectrometer. BRUKER Tensor-27 instrument were used to record infrared spectra (with KBr pellets). X-ray diffraction was realized on a Bruker SMART APEX CCD crystallography system. Precoated TLC plates (200–250 μm thickness, silica gel 60 F₂₅₄, Qingdao Marine Chemical, Inc.) were used for the thin-layer chromatography. Semipreparative HPLC was taken on an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography, the column used was an YMC-Pack 10 mm × 250 mm column (Pro C18 RS). Column chromatography (cc) was performed on silica gel (200–300 mesh; Qingdao Marine Chemical Inc., P. R. China), on C-18 silica gel (40–60 μm; Merck), and on Sephadex LH-20 (Amersham Pharmacia, Sweden).

Nian Y., Yang J., Liu T.Y., Luo Y., Zhang J.H, & Qiu M.H. (2015). New Anti-angiogenic Leading Structure Discovered in the Fruit of Cimicifuga yunnanensis. Scientific Reports, 5, 9026.

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Extraction and Analysis of Organic Compounds

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Chemicals used in the experiment were as follows: trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (Sigma Aldrich, Germany); pentobarbital sodium (Biowet, Poland); physiological saline (Polpharma S.A., Poland); ethanol and formaldehyde (Avantor, Poland); acetic acid, methanol, butanol, diethyl ether, hexane (Chempur, Poland); acetonitrile (Merck, Germany) and C-18 silica gel (Sigma Aldrich, Germany).

Szandruk M., Merwid-Ląd A, & Szeląg A. (2017). The impact of mangiferin from Belamcanda chinensis on experimental colitis in rats. Inflammopharmacology, 26(2), 571-581.

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Pomegranate Molasses Characterization

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Three different commercially available pomegranate molasses samples were purchased from the supermarkets, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All the solvents used for the experiments were of HPLC grade (Merck, Germany) and Milli-Q water was used (Millipore, USA). Ortho-phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) 88% was purchased from Fisher Scientific Company (UK). All the standards (vitamin C, gallic acid, rutin & ellagic acid with ≤99% purity) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. C₁₈ Silica gel, end capped (230–400 mesh) and solid phase extraction tubes (SPE) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, USA.

Kamal Y.T., Alam P., Alqasoumi S.I., Foudah A.I., Alqarni M.H, & Yusufoglu H.S. (2018). Investigation of antioxidant compounds in commercial pomegranate molasses products using matrix-solid phase dispersion extraction coupled with HPLC. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ, 26(6), 839-844.

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Purification of Bacterial Antimicrobial Compounds

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A single colony of BH5 was inoculated in 5 ml LB broth and incubated at 28°C, 220 rpm for overnight. The overnight culture was diluted at 1:100 in 200 ml LB broth and incubated at 28°C, 220 rpm for 24 h. The supernatant was then collected by centrifugation (10,000 × g, 10 min) and precipitated with ammonium sulfate to 40% saturation. The precipitates were dissolved in Milli-Q water and desalted by 10 g C18 silica gel (Sigma-Aldrich). The crude extracts were filter sterilized with 0.45 μm Durapore^™ membrane and then subjected to a reverse high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with Aeris widepore 3.6 μ XB-C18 250 × 4.6 mm column for purification. The mobile phases were HPLC-grade water supplemented with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA; solvent A) and acetonitrile supplemented with 0.1% TFA (solvent B). A two-step gradient of solvent B from 5 to 40% in 10 min and 40 to 95% in 30 min at a flow rate of 1 ml/min was applied for compound purification. A UV-detector set at a wavelength of 214 nm was used to monitor the compounds elution. All the peaks were collected for MALDI-TOF analysis and tandem MS (MS/MS).

Zhou L., Song C., Muñoz C.Y, & Kuipers O.P. (2021). Bacillus cabrialesii BH5 Protects Tomato Plants Against Botrytis cinerea by Production of Specific Antifungal Compounds. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 707609.

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Voltammetric Determination of ALF

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Pure sample of ALF was generously provided by Eva Pharma, Egypt (lot no. 1422R118) with purity of 100.80% according to the comparison method. 1 Bi-distilled water obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system and chemical reagents of highest purity were used in this study. Graphite powder, paraffin oil, Sephadex G-50, C18 silica gel, and chitosan were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrochloric acid were obtained from El Nasr Pharmaceutical Chemicals CO. (Cairo, Egypt).
Britton-Robinson buffer (B-R buffer), a widely used multi-buffer system in the voltammetric studies, was employed as a non-complexing supporting electrolyte for the voltammetric measurements of ALF. The multi-acid B-R buffer system is consisted of three different buffering components of diminishing strength, so a linear pH response is obtained from pH 2.5 to pH 9.2 upon adding the alkali. Thus, it was easily prepared at the desired pH value without changing the chemical composition of the buffered components. It was prepared from a mixture of 0.04 M of each acid; boric, phosphoric and acetic acids, and the desired pH was adjusted using NaOH.

Metias Y.M., Hussien E.M., Hosny M.M, & Ayad M.M. (2022). Development of green differential pulse voltammetric strategy for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride at pencil graphite and modified carbon paste electrodes. Acta chimica Slovenica, 69(3).

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Synthesis and Isolation of Arabinoside Nucleosides

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The reaction conditions of arabinosides synthesis (ratio of reagents, PNP amount, reaction time, and conversion of the base into nucleoside) are provided in Table 1. Riboside (1a–12a), KH₂PO₄, and Ara-U were dissolved in water at 40–50 °C, the pH was adjusted up to 7.0, and Na₂HAsO₄ was added to the reaction mixture.
The enzymes (PNP, UP) were added and the reaction mixtures were incubated at 50 °C. The reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. When conversion reached the highest value, the reaction was terminated by addition of ethanol (50%, v/v). The reaction mixtures were evaporated up to 5 mL, and the desired products 1b–12b were isolated by reversed-phase column chromatography (silica gel C18, Merck), column 100 × 20 mm (the elution conditions are shown in Table 1). The physicochemical and spectral properties of nucleosides are reported in Table 3. The NMR spectra and HPLC of nucleosides are provided in the Supporting Information.

Eletskaya B.Z., Berzina M.Y., Fateev I.V., Kayushin A.L., Dorofeeva E.V., Lutonina O.I., Zorina E.A., Antonov K.V., Paramonov A.S., Muzyka I.S., Zhukova O.S., Kiselevskiy M.V., Miroshnikov A.I., Esipov R.S, & Konstantinova I.D. (2023). Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Chloropurine Arabinonucleosides with Chiral Amino Acid Amides at the C6 Position and an Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), 6223.

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Isolation and Purification of Algal Metabolites

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The dried algal samples (15 kg) were ground and extracted with methanol (Xilong Scientific, China) by ultra-sonication assisted extraction method at 40 o C for 48 hours and replicated thrice, followed by rotary evaporation (Eyela, Japan). The methanolic extract was then liquid-liquid extracted with different solvents of increasing polarity (nhexan, ethyl acetate and water), yielding A, T and W fractions, respectively.
The ethyl acetate fraction (T) (90 g) of algal methanolic extract was chosen to be subjected to column chromatography on silica gel C-18 (Merck, 0.063-0.2 mm, Φ = 10 cm), eluted with n-hexan:ethyl acetate (1:0, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 0:1, v/v) to obtain 8 subfractions (T1-T8). Owing to similarities in thinlayer chromatography (TLC) results, T3 and T4 sub-fractions were accumulated and then chromatographed on silica gel C-18 (Merck, 0.04-0.063 mm, Φ = 3 cm), eluted with nhexan:ethyl acetate (10:1, v/v), followed by loading on Sephadex LH-20 column (Merck, Germany) with petroleum ether/chloroform/methanol (2:1:1, v/v/v) elution to obtain compound S1 (45 mg).

Kim H., Cuong L.H., Vân N.T.H., Hằng T.T.X., Nghị Đ.H., Duc T.M., Hương L.M., & Ha T.T.H. (2020). Intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging effect of fucosterol isolated from the brown alga <i>Sargassum crassifolium</i> in Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 20(3), 308-316.

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