P intermedia

Four reference strains of anaerobic bacteria used in this study included P. gingivalis (ATCC33277), A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 700685), P. intermedia (ATCC 25611), and T. forsythia (ATCC 43037). The first three of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia were obtained from The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China), and the last one (T. forsythia) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). All anaerobes organisms were cultured in an anaerobic chamber in the required growth media with vitamin K1, L-cystein, and hemin at 37°C for about 7–10 days.

The following strains commonly present in the oral microbiome (Aas et al., 2005 (link); Maddi and Scannapieco, 2013 (link); Loozen et al., 2014 (link)) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC): A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718), F. nucleatum (ATCC 10953), P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277), P. intermedia (ATCC 25611), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. sobrinus (ATCC 33478), T. forsythia (ATCC 43037), Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 51655), Capnocytophaga sputigena (ATCC 33612), Streptococcus gordonii (ATCC 49818), Actinomyces viscosus (ATCC 15987), and S. mitis (ATCC 49456). Veillonella parvula was obtained from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSM 2007); S. sanguinis was acquired from the BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection (LMG 14657). S. salivarius strain TOVE-R (Tanzer et al., 1985 (link)) was utilized. Bacterial strains were classified as either commensal (indigenous), potentially health-associated or disease-associated, as indicated in Table 1.