4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP; 99+%) and l -lactide (L-LA, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,2′-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA; 98%) was purchased from Acros Organics. Dichloromethane (DCM; HPLC), acetone (HPLC), ethyl acetate (HPLC), n-hexadecane (HPLC), DMF (HPLC), and diethyl ether (HPLC) were purchased from Fisher Chemical. α-Methoxy-ω-hydroxyl polyethylene glycol (mPEG-OH; MW, 2000 Da) was purchased from RAPP Polymere. 2-(Diethylamino)ethanethiol hydrochloride (DEAET, >98%) was purchased from Amfinecom Inc. DCM, DMF, and ethyl acetate were dried by distillation over CaH2. LA was recrystallized from dry ethyl acetate four times prior to use. mPEG-OH was dried as follows prior to use: mPEG-OH was dissolved in 1 mL of dried DCM, followed by complete solvent removal, and the cycle was repeated five times; toluene was used as a solvent to treat mPEG-OH for another five cycles. Allyl-functionalized LA monomer 1 was prepared through the method reported previously.8 All other chemicals were used without further purification.
N hexadecane
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Italy, Belgium
N-hexadecane is a straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula C₁₆H₃₄. It is a colorless, odorless liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. N-hexadecane is commonly used as a reference standard and solvent in various analytical and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
N heptane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Urea, by Promega (2 mentions)
Glass disposable culture tubes, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Promega (2 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Promega (2 mentions)
Mgso4, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Styrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N dodecane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Octadecyltrichlorosilane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Squalene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 2 diphytanoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (2 mentions)
N octane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
29 protocols using n hexadecane
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Poly(lactide)
2
Measuring GAS Cell Hydrophobicity
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Surface hydrophobicity of GAS cells measured by the ability to adhere to n-hexadecane was performed based on a previously described protocol (Ofek et al., 1983 (link); Rosenberg et al., 1980 ). Overnight cultures of M1 5448 wt pDCerm, Δess pDCerm, and Δess pDCerm::ess were harvested by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 10,000 ×g at room temperature, and pelleted cells were washed twice and suspended in PUM buffer (22.2 g K2HPO4 ⋅ 3H20, 7.26 g KH2PO4, 1.8 g urea [Promega Corporation], 0.2 g of MgSO4 ⋅ 7H20 [Sigma Aldrich], per 1 L of ddH2O). Next, 2.4 mL of the bacterial suspension was transferred into 13 × 100 mm borosilicate glass disposable culture tubes (Fisher Scientific) and 0.4 mL of n-hexadecane (Fisher Scientific) was added. Bacteria without addition of n-hexadecane were used as controls for spontaneous cell lysis. The OD600 was measured from the side of the tube using a SPECTRONIC 200 Spectrophotometer. Tubes were next vortexed for 3 minutes, allowed to settle for 15 minutes, and the OD600 of the bottom fraction was measured. Hydrophobic properties of bacterial cells are represented by the percentage of bacteria bound to the n-hexadecane, calculated using the following formula:((T0 OD600 − T15 OD600) /T0 OD600)×100, where T0 OD600 = OD600 value before vortexing and T15 OD600 = OD600 value after vortexing. Experiments were performed in three biological replicates.
3
Bacterial Cell Hydrophobicity Assay
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The hydrophobicity of bacterial cells was evaluated by Microbial Adhesion to hydrocarbon (MATH) assay as previously described by Rosenberg et al., 1980 (link), with some modifications. Briefly, overnight bacterial cultures in BHI were centrifuged and then resuspended in PBS (Oxoid, England) to an optical density of 0.8 at 550 nm, this value represents A1 (Absorbance 1). Followingly, 1 ml of n-hexadecane (Fisher Scientific, Italy) was added to1 ml each bacterial suspension, vortex for 1 minute and incubate at room temperature for 15 min, allowing the separation of aqueous phase. After this time, the absorbance of aqueous phase (Absorbance 2) was measured at 550 nm. Each sample was tested in three independent experiments. The relative hydrophobicity (RH) was expressed as a percentage according to the formula:
Isolates were classified as: highly hydrophobic for values >50%; moderately hydrophobic for values ranging from 20 to 50% and hydrophilic for values<20%.
Isolates were classified as: highly hydrophobic for values >50%; moderately hydrophobic for values ranging from 20 to 50% and hydrophilic for values<20%.
4
Measuring GAS Cell Hydrophobicity
5
Bacterial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons
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The MATH assay was conducted as previously described (Rosenberg, 2006 (link); Chao et al., 2014 (link)). In brief, bacteria were spun down (3,500 × g for 10 min) and washed once with PUM buffer (22.2 g K2HPO4·3H2O, 7.26 g KH2PO4, 1.8 g urea, 0.2 g MgSO4·7H2O in 1 L ultrapure water, pH 7.1 and sterilized by filtration using a cellulose membrane with a pore size of 0.2 μm) then resuspended in PUM buffer to an OD600nm between 0.7 and 1.0 (=ODorignal). The bacteria were then mixed with 1:100 (v/v) n-hexadecane (Fisher Scientific) and vortexed vigorously for 2 min. The suspension was rested for 15 min to allow for phase separation. The aqueous partition was collected for OD600nm measurement (=ODfinal). Adhesion to the hydrocarbon was measured using the following formula: %Adherence = [1 − (ODfinal/ODoriginal)] × 100.
6
Superhydrophobic Membrane Fabrication
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Titanium butoxide (TBOT), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), triethylamine (TEA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. The 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl trichlorosilane (perfluoro silane) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, Lancashire, UK. Ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and n-hexadecane were purchased from Fisher Chemical, Fairlawn, NJ, USA. The Norland ultraviolet (UV) light-curable optical adhesive (NOA 61) was purchased from Norland Products Inc, Cranbury, NJ, USA. The commercial TRISEP ACM5 membrane was purchased from Sterlitech, Kent, WA, USA.
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Microparticles
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Green (D512S, ZnS:Cu) and orange (D611S, ZnS:Cu,Mn) microparticles were purchased from Shanghai KPT Co. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-cotrifluoroethylene-co-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] was purchased from Piezotech, Inc. Short MWNTs (US4365) grown by chemical vapor deposition and purified to over 95 wt% were manufactured at US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., Houston, USA. FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NaOH was purchased from Daejung Co. N-hexadecane was purchased from Alfa Aesar. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. VHB 4905 and 4910 were purchased from 3 M and used as received.
8
Microbial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons Assay
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Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) assay was performed using the classical method of Rosenberg (2006) (link). The bacterial suspension in LB was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min and the pellet was resuspended in phosphate magnesium buffer (pH 7.4). Three hundred μL of hydrocarbon, n-hexadecane (Alfa Aesar, United States) was added to the bacterial suspension, incubated for 10 min at 30°C, vortexed, and left undisturbed to allow for phase separation. The adherence of bacteria to the hydrocarbon was retrieved, and cell density absorbance was measured at 600 nm. The adhesion of bacteria to the hydrocarbon phase, FPc was calculated using the established formula (Zoueki et al., 2010 (link)): FPC = (1-Af/A0) x100 where Af is the final absorbance after the addition of the hydrocarbon, A0 is the original absorbance of bacterial cells before the addition of hydrocarbon. The experiment was performed with six biological replications.
9
Bacterial Biocatalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes
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Kanamycin was purchased from Gibco® (Life Technologies, Glasgow, UK). NAD+ was purchased from Prozomix (Haltwhistle, UK). N-hexadecane was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Ethyl acetate was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Styrene, Styrene oxide, and 4-chloroStyrene oxide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4-chloroStyrene was purchased from Carbosynth (San Diego, CA, USA). Other alkenes and standards of epoxides were provided by the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Slovak University of Technology.
Lysogeny broth (LB) was prepared according to [35 ]. Semidefined medium contained 90 g/L glycerol, 10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 3.64 g/L NaH2PO4.2H2O, 4.53 g/L K2HPO4, 4 g/L citric acid, 1% (v/v) trace element solution, 1 g/L MgSO4, 7H2O. Mineral M9 medium contained 5 g/L glycerol, 0.5 g/L MgSO4.7H2O, 0.11 g/L CaCl2, 0.01 g/L thiamine-HCl, and 5% (v/v) M9 salts (85 g/L Na2HPO4.12H2O, 15 g/L KH2PO4, 2.5 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L NH4Cl). All media were supplemented with Kanamycin to a final concentration of 30 µg/mL.
Lysogeny broth (LB) was prepared according to [35 ]. Semidefined medium contained 90 g/L glycerol, 10 g/L tryptone, 5 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 3.64 g/L NaH2PO4.2H2O, 4.53 g/L K2HPO4, 4 g/L citric acid, 1% (v/v) trace element solution, 1 g/L MgSO4, 7H2O. Mineral M9 medium contained 5 g/L glycerol, 0.5 g/L MgSO4.7H2O, 0.11 g/L CaCl2, 0.01 g/L thiamine-HCl, and 5% (v/v) M9 salts (85 g/L Na2HPO4.12H2O, 15 g/L KH2PO4, 2.5 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L NH4Cl). All media were supplemented with Kanamycin to a final concentration of 30 µg/mL.
10
Synthesis of Phytoncide-loaded Polymer Beads
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St and AA were purchased from Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MI, USA) and used as monomers after distillation. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and divinyl benzene (DVB) were also provided by Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MI, USA) and used as initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. Dae Jung Chemical (Siheung, Korea) supplied sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which is used as surfactant. n-Hexadecane was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) and used as cosurfactant. Distilled water was of Milli-Q quality (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Phytoncide oil was provided by CNG Co. (Daegu, Korea). All the reagents were of either HPLC grade or American Chemical Society analytical grade.
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