Jem 1010 80 kv

AgNPs (SKU: 576832) and AuNPs (SKU: GRF-60-20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Cytodiagnostics (Burlington, ON, Canada), respectively. According to the manufacturer’s protocol, the AgNPs (<100 nm) were obtained using PVP as a dispersant with the purity of 99.5% trace metal basis. The reactant free AuNPs (60 nm) were stabilized using citric acid and dispersed in 0.1 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with the purity of 99.0% reactant free. Both AgNPs and AuNPs suspensions were prepared by diluting the particles in deionized water. The hydrodynamic size distribution and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectrometer (NanoZS, Malvern, UK). The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were analyzed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy, JEM1010-80 kV, JEOL, Japan). The silver nitrate (AgNO₃, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and cadmium chloride (CdCl₂, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were prepared by dissolving their respective powders in deionized water.