Quinine

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom

Quinine is a naturally occurring organic compound that functions as an alkaloid. It is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. Quinine serves as the active ingredient in various pharmaceutical applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Bupivacaine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gdp β s, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 4 aminopyridine 4 ap, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Tetraethylammonium, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Adenosine diphosphate (adp), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Adenosine triphosphate (atp), by Merck Group (1 mentions) D4476, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)

4 protocols using quinine

Quinine Application in Electrophysiology

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Quinine was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK) and was diluted in extracellular solution to concentrations indicated in Section 3. Quinine was applied locally via a glass capillary through a custom‐made application system.

Dierich M., van Ham W.B., Stary‐Weinzinger A, & Leitner M.G. (2019). Histidine at position 462 determines the low quinine sensitivity of ether‐à‐go‐go channel superfamily member Kv12.1. British Journal of Pharmacology, 176(15), 2708-2723.

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ATP-Induced Current Measurement Protocol

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ATP, ADP, UDP, GDPβS and bupivacaine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma. Pertussis toxin (PTX), forskolin, tetraethylammonium (TEA), quinine, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were purchased from Tocris. Stock solutions of all drugs were made in water and diluted to the appropriate working concentrations in ACSF. Drugs were applied to the slices either through bath application or using a picopump (WPI pneumatic picopump, Sarasota, FL). The diameter of the drug application pipette tip was ∼3–4 μm. The pressure (10 psi) and duration (100 ms) of the puff was controlled and the distance between the patched cell and puff pipette was kept constant (∼15 μm). This was achieved by marking the position of the two pipettes (recording and puff) on the display screen and adjusting the distance of the puff pipette until the preferred distance was reached. The holding pressure of the puff pipette was maintained at -2 psi to prevent leakage, but there may still be minimal spontaneous leakage. For experiments involving testing of antagonists on ATP-induced current, control applications of ATP were performed and then on the same cell the effect of the antagonist was tested.

Swiatkowski P., Murugan M., Eyo U.B., Wang Y., Rangaraju S., Oh S.B, & Wu L.J. (2016). Activation of microglial P2Y12 receptor is required for outward potassium currents in response to neuronal injury. Neuroscience, 318, 22-33.

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Modeling Epilepsy via ACSF Manipulation

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Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) contained in mM: 129 NaCl; 3 KCl; 1.6 CaCl₂; 1.8 MgSO₄; 1.25 NaH₂PO₄; 21 NaHCO₃; 10 glucose. To induce epilepsy, MgSO₄ was eliminated and 2 mM KCl was added (low-[Mg²⁺] ACSF). In the in vitro experiments, CBX (200 μM), TMA (5 mM), quinine (100 μM) and La(NO₃)₃ were diluted in ACSF or low-[Mg²⁺] ACSF. The pH value of 7.4 was not affected by the applied TMA concentration. All solutions were continuously oxygenated (95% O₂, 5% CO₂). In the in vivo experiments on WAG/Rij rats, both CBX (100 mg/kg) and quinine (40 mg/kg) was dissolved in saline, whereas TMA (200 mM) in aseptic ACSF (Tocris, Germany). Unless otherwise stated, all drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Budapest, Hungary.

Vincze R., Péter M., Szabó Z., Kardos J., Héja L, & Kovács Z. (2019). Connexin 43 Differentially Regulates Epileptiform Activity in Models of Convulsive and Non-convulsive Epilepsies. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13, 173.

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Erythrocyte Signaling Pathways

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Fresh Li-Heparin-anticoagulated blood samples were kindly provided by the blood bank of the University of Tübingen. The study is approved by the ethics committee of the University of Tübingen (184/2003 V). The blood was centrifuged at 120 g for 20 min at 21 °C and the platelets and leukocytes-containing supernatant was disposed. Erythrocytes were incubated in vitro at a hematocrit of 0.4% in Ringer solution containing (in mM) 125 NaCl, 5 KCl, 1 MgSO 4 , 32 N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES; pH 7.4), 5 glucose, 1 CaCl 2 , at 37°C for 48 hours. Where indicated, erythrocytes were exposed for 48 hours to quinine (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). In order to define the impact of extacellular Ca 2+ , CaCl 2 was removed and 1 mM EGTA added. To test for an involvement of casein kinase 1α, erythrocytes were exposed for 48 hours to a combination of quinine and D4476 (Tocris bioscience, Bristol, UK,). Ethanol was used as solvent.

Mischitelli M., Jemaà M., Almasry M., Faggio C, & Lang F. (2016). Stimulation of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by Quinine. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 40(3-4).

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