Recombinant human insulin

Manufactured by Novo Nordisk

Sourced in Denmark, United States

Recombinant human insulin is a synthetic insulin produced through recombinant DNA technology. It is structurally and functionally identical to the natural human insulin hormone.

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Lab products found in correlation

Protein g sepharose, by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) Pi 103, by Enzo Life Sciences (2 mentions) Akti 1 2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nigericin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Anti mouse caspase 1 p20 ag 20b 0042, by Adipogen (1 mentions) Pam3csk4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Poly da dt, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mcc950, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Protein g agarose, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dl sulforaphane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Onetouch ultra blood glucose test system kit, by Roche (1 mentions) Ultrapure lps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Anti nek7 sc 50756, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Streptavidin coated beads, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Anti asc sc 22514 r, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Anti β actin p30002, by Abmart (1 mentions) Anti human cleaved il 1β a5208206, by Sangon (1 mentions) Anti flag f2555, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Recombinant human nlrp3, by Novus Biologicals (1 mentions) Anti mouse il 1β p17 af 401 na, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Insulin (160 citations) Human insulin (59 citations) Actrapid® Recombinant human-insulin (2 citations) Recombinant human insulin injection (2 citations)

33 protocols using recombinant human insulin

Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed via intraperitoneal injection of glucose at 1.5 g·kg^–1 after 14 hours of fasting. Insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were performed via intraperitoneal injection of human recombinant insulin (Novo Nordisk) at a dose of 0.75 U·kg^–1 after 4 hours of fasting. Blood glucose levels were measured from the tail veil at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after glucose or insulin injection.

Sun T., Xie R., He H., Xie Q., Zhao X., Kang G., Cheng C., Yin W., Cong J., Li J, & Wang X. (2022). Kynurenic acid ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking calcium mobilization via GPR35. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 1019365.

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Astrocyte Response to Amyloid-Beta Oligomers

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The astrocytes were plated in 25 cm² culture flasks at 2.0 × 10⁵ cells/mL for Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. Cells were plated onto poly-D-lysine-coated 24-well chamber slides at 1.0 × 10⁵ cells/well for immunofluorescence staining analysis, and plated in 96-well plates at 9.0 × 10³ cells/well for MTT analysis. There were six groups in our experiments: control group and groups I to V. The control group, group I, and group II were successively treated with equivalent volumes of FBS-free DMEM, 100 nM Aβ_1–42 oligomers and 1 μM Aβ_1–42 oligomers for 24 h (Ferreira et al. 2012 (link); Ito et al. 2012 (link); Zhou et al. 2012 (link)); groups III, IV, and V were treated with 100 nM human recombinant insulin (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvard, Denmark) for 30 min after the treatments with DMEM vehicle, 100 nM Aβ_1–42 oligomers and 1 μM Aβ_1–42 oligomers, respectively (Bomfim et al. 2012 (link); De Felice et al. 2009 (link); Ji et al. 2011 (link)).

Han X., Yang L., Du H., Sun Q., Wang X., Cong L., Liu X., Yin L., Li S, & Du Y. (2015). Insulin Attenuates Beta-Amyloid-Associated Insulin/Akt/EAAT Signaling Perturbations in Human Astrocytes. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 36(6), 851-864.

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NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Pathway

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MSU, nigericin, ATP, PMA, BHB, DL-sulforaphane, poly(dA:dT), and glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. MCC950 was acquired from Selleck. BAY 11-7082, isoliquiritigenin, parthenolide, flufenamic acid, and mefenamic acid were acquired from Topscience. Human recombinant insulin was bought from Novo Nordisk. The One Touch Ultra Blood glucose Test System kit was bought from Roche. Ultrapure LPS, Pam3CSK4, MitoTracker, and MitoSOX were obtained from Invitrogen. Protein G agarose and streptavidin-coated beads were respectively supplied by Millipore and Pierce Biochemicals. ATP-coupled beads were from BioWorld Company. Anti-mouse caspase-1 (p20; AG-20B-0042) and anti-NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014) were from Adipogen. Anti-ASC (sc-22514-R) and anti-NEK7 (SC-50756) were from Santa Cruz. Anti-β-actin (P30002) was bought from Abmart. Anti-human caspase-1 was from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-human cleaved IL-1β (A5208206) was from Sangon Biotech. Anti-mouse IL-1β (p17; AF-401-NA) was from R&D Systems. Anti-Flag (F2555) and anti-Mcherry (V4888) were from Sigma-Aldrich. Recombinant human NLRP3 was from Novus Biologicals. A standard HFD (D12492, 60% kcal fat) was from Research Diet Company.

Jiang H., He H., Chen Y., Huang W., Cheng J., Ye J., Wang A., Tao J., Wang C., Liu Q., Jin T., Jiang W., Deng X, & Zhou R. (2017). Identification of a selective and direct NLRP3 inhibitor to treat inflammatory disorders. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 214(11), 3219-3238.

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Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Glucose tolerance tests were performed via i.p. injection of glucose at 1.5 g/kg after 14 h fasting from the beginning of dark cycle. Insulin tolerance tests were performed via i.p. injection of human recombinant insulin (Novo Nordisk) at a dose of 0.75 U/kg after 4 h fasting. Blood glucose levels were measured from the tail veil at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose or insulin injection.

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Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Assays in Mice

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For glucose tolerance test (GTT), mice were fasted for 14 h and then intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of glucose at 1.5 g/kg for C57BL/6J mice. Glucose levels at different time points in blood collected from the tail vein were measured by using a One Touch Ultra Blood Glucose Test System Kit (Lifespan Company, USA).
For insulin tolerance test (ITT), mice were fasted for 4 h and then intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of human recombinant insulin (Novo Nordisk) at dose of 1 IU/kg for C57BL/6J mice. Blood glucose levels were measured from the tail veil at 15, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-min following insulin injection.

Jin X., Liu D., Zhou X., Luo X., Huang Q, & Huang Y. (2023). Entrectinib inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory diseases by directly targeting NEK7. Cell Reports Medicine, 4(12), 101310.

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Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Glucose tolerance (GTT) was performed via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of glucose at 1.5 g/kg for C57BL/6J mice after a 14‐h fasting from the beginning of dark cycle. ITT was performed via i.p. injection of human recombinant insulin (Novo Nordisk) at dose of 1 IU/kg for C57BL/6J mice after 4‐h fasting. Blood glucose levels were measured from the tail veil at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following glucose or insulin injection.

Huang Y., Jiang H., Chen Y., Wang X., Yang Y., Tao J., Deng X., Liang G., Zhang H., Jiang W, & Zhou R. (2018). Tranilast directly targets NLRP3 to treat inflammasome‐driven diseases. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 10(4), e8689.

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Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests

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Following Hex treatment, GTT was conducted after overnight fasting. Forty microliters of blood samples were collected from the animals’ tail veins at time 0, followed by an intraperitoneal glucose injection at 2 g/kg body weight. Subsequently, the same amount of blood samples was collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min points. Blood plasma samples were then collected through centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 3 min at room temperature and stored in a −80 °C freezer for insulin and glucose measurements. Three days following GTT, ITT was performed after 6 hours fasting. Human recombinant insulin (1 IU/kg, Novo Nordisk, Demark) was intraperitoneally injected and blood glucose was measured at time 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min points using an Accu-Chek glucometer.

Zhang X., Yang J.K, & Chen C. (2018). Enhanced Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion and Altered Metabolic Hormones by in Vivo Hexarelin Treatment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 3067.

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Insulin Signaling and SERCA2a Regulation

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Recombinant human insulin was purchased from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). High fat diet (60 kcal% fat, Cat. No. 12492) was from Research Diets (USA). Protein G-Sepharose was bought from GE-Healthcare (Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Precast NuPAGE^® Bis-Tris gels were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Akti1/2 was from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany), and PI-103 was from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). All other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China) or Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). The commercial antibodies and resins are listed in Supplementary Data 3. The antibodies recognizing RalGAPα1 and RalGAPα2 were described previously^{31 (link)}, and the pThr⁴⁸⁴-SERCA2a antibody was as previously reported^{16 (link)}.

Quan C., Du Q., Li M., Wang R., Ouyang Q., Su S., Zhu S., Chen Q., Sheng Y., Chen L., Wang H., Campbell D.G., MacKintosh C., Yang Z., Ouyang K., Wang H.Y, & Chen S. (2020). A PKB-SPEG signaling nexus links insulin resistance with diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating calcium homeostasis. Nature Communications, 11, 2186.

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Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Testing in Mice

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At the 13th week, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed on 12 h fasted mice administered a glucose solution (2 g/kg). In the 14th week, all mice were fasted for 4 h before the insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were carried out, in which the mice were intraperitoneally injected with recombinant human insulin (0.75 U/kg, provided by Novo Nordisk). In the OGTTs and ITTs, the blood was taken from the tail vein, and blood glucose levels were detected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min using a glucometer and test strips after the glucose and insulin were given to the mice.

Lv Q., Lin J., Wu X., Pu H., Guan Y., Xiao P., He C, & Jiang B. (2022). Novel active compounds and the anti-diabetic mechanism of mulberry leaves. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 986931.

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Insulin-regulated TRIM24 phosphorylation

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Recombinant human insulin was purchased from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Akti1/2 was from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany), and PI-103 from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Protein G-Sepharose was from GE Healthcare (Buckinghamshire, UK). High-fat diet (60 kcal% fat, Cat. No. 12492) was purchased from Research Diets (USA). All other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China) or Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). The commercial antibodies and resins used are listed in Supplementary Table 1. For immunoblotting, the commercial antibodies were used at 1:1000 dilution. The antibody recognising pSer¹⁰⁴³-TRIM24 was generated at ABclonal (Wuhan, China) and used at 1 μg/ml.

Wei W., Chen Q., Liu M., Sheng Y., OuYang Q., Feng W., Yang X., Ding L., Su S., Zhang J., Fang L., Vidal-Puig A., Wang H.Y, & Chen S. (2022). TRIM24 is an insulin-responsive regulator of P-bodies. Nature Communications, 13, 3972.

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