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6 protocols using p120 catenin

1

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Tissues and cells were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer supplemented with 1% protein phosphatase inhibitor mixture, and the sample was then centrifuged (12,000 rpm) at 4°C for 15 min to get the protein supernatant. The concentration of total protein was detected using the BCA assay kit (Thermo). After separation in a 10–12% SDS-PAGE gel, the proteins were then transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad). The membrane was blocked for 1.5 h with 5% (w/v) non-fat milk dissolved in tris-buffer saline solution containing 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20 (TBST) at RT and further incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: ZO-1 (1:1,000), P120-catenin (1:1,000), β-catenin (1:1,000), occludin (1:1,000), claudin-5 (1:1,000), ATG5 (1:1,000), Beclin1 (1:1,000), AKT (1:1,000), p-AKT (1:1,000), FOXO1 (1:1,000), KLF4 (1:1,000), β-actin (1:10,000), and LC3II (1:1,000; Abcam). Next, after washing three times with TBST, the membrane was submerged in a corresponding HRP-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 h at RT. Signals of protein expression were collected by a ChemiDoc XRS imaging system (Bio-Rad). The relative density of the band was quantified by ImageJ software. All of the primary antibodies (except for anti-LC3II) were purchased from Proteintech.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptotic and Cell-Cell Adhesion Markers

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Lysis Buffer and BCA Protein Assay Kit from Thermo Fisher were employed to extract total protein and determine their concentrations, respectively. After separation using 10% SDS-PAGE, protein bands were transferred to the PVDF membrane. After 1 h of blocking with 5% non-fat milk, samples were incubated overnight with primary antibodies against BAX (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), BCL2 (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), Caspase3 (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), cleaved PARP1 (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), E-selectin (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), ICAM1 (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), VCAM1 (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), P120-catenin (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), β-catenin (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA), and E-cadherin (1:1000, Abcam, Boston, MA, USA) at 4° C. Finally, samples were incubated for 1 h with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies and the protein bands were analyzed.
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3

Antibody Characterization for Cell Signaling

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The antibodies used were as follows; rabbit polyclonal: obscurin Ig65/66 (600 ng/ml),33 (link) obscurin-Ig58/59 (2 μg/ml) that was generated using a mouse GST-Ig58/59 fusion protein (amino acids 5218–5390, accession number: NP_954603), plakoglobin (11146-1-AP, Proteintech Group Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), myosin IIA (3403, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), twist (sc-15393, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), claudin-1 (4933, Cell Signaling Technology) and ZO-1 (5406, Cell Signaling Technology); mouse monoclonal: β-catenin (sc-7963, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), connexin-43 (13-8300, Invitrogen), p120 catenin (ab11508, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (AM4300, Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA); rabbit monoclonal: E-cadherin (3195, Cell Signaling Technology), α-catenin (ab51032, Abcam), vimentin (5741, Cell Signaling Technology) and slug (9585, Cell Signaling Technology).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Animal tissues and cells were lysed with RIPA buffer (pH 7.4, 50 mmol/L Tris, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 1% Triton X‐100, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, sodium orthovanadate, sodium fluoride and EDTA). Tissue homogenates were centrifuged at 12 000 rpm, for 15 minutes at 4°C. The extracted supernatant was quantified by the BCA assay (Thermo). Total protein (40 μg) was separated on a 12% gel and transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Bio‐Rad). The membranes were blocked for 1.5 hours in 5% dry milk dissolved in 0.1% Tween‐20 in TBS at room temperature and incubated overnight with the following primary antibodies: P120‐catenin (1:1000, Abcam), β‐catenin (1:1000, Abcam), occludin (1:1000, Abcam), cleaved caspase‐3 (1:1000, Abcam), Bcl‐2 (1:1000, Abcam), Bax (1:1000, Abcam), Tomm20 (1:1000, Abcam), ATG7(1:1000, Novus), beclin1 (1:1000, Abcam), LC3II (1:1000, Novus) and GAPDH (1:10 000, Yeasen). Then, the membrane was washed three times with TBST and incubated with a horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody. A ChemiDoc™ XRS imaging system (Bio‐Rad) was used to visualize the signals. Quantity one was used to analyse the relative density of the bands, and band density was normalized to that of GAPDH. All experiments were repeated at least in triplicate.
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5

Endothelial Cell Culture and Analysis

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DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to dissolve non-water soluble reagents and as a vehicle control. Endothelial Cell Medium (ECM) which contains 500 ml of basal medium, 25 ml of fetal bovine serum (FBS, Cat. No. 0025), 5 ml of endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS, Cat. No. 1052) and 5 ml of penicillin/streptomycin solution (P/S, Cat. No. 0503) were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories. Antibodies against Occludin, Claudin5, CHOP, GRP78, and GAPDH were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-p62 and microtubule-associated protein-1 light-chain 3 (LC3) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-β-catenin, P120-catenin, cleaved caspase-12, and PDI were purchased from Abcam. All chemicals including RA were from Sigma Chemical Company.
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6

Protein Expression Profiling in Cells

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Equal amounts of proteins (20 μg) lysed from cells were resolved in SDS-PAGE gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Primary antibodies against MUC16 (1:10000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), p120-catenin (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), FLAG (1:500, Proteintech Group, Inc., IL, USA), GAPDH (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA), β-actin (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), lamin B1 (1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Rac1 (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), Cdc42 (1:125, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and RhoA (1:5000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used. The synthetic peptide of primary antibodies against MUC16 corresponding to Human MUC16 aa 12,450–12,550. Anti-rabbit or anti-mouse IgG (1:2000, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) was used as the secondary antibody. For subcellular fractions, cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins were extracted using a cytoplasmic protein extraction kit or a nuclear protein extraction kit (SAB, MD, USA). The purity of subcellular fractions was confirmed using antibodies against GAPDH (a cytoplasmic marker) and lamin B1 (a nuclear marker).
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