Bafilomycin a1 b1793

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Bafilomycin A1 (B1793) is a laboratory reagent produced by Merck Group. It is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase).

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

3 methyladenine m9281, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chloroquine c6628, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mg132 c2211, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mcf 7, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions) Mg132 m7449, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Compound c, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Rapamycin, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions) Wortmannin w1628, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lysm cre mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) A922500, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Atglistatin sml1075, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ici 118 511, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) C57bl 6 mouse primary brain microvascular endothelial cells, by Cell Biologics (1 mentions) Pepstatin a p 5318, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rapamycin r0395, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Wortmannin w3144, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Goat anti rabbit sc 2004, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Goat anti mouse sc 2005, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Rapamycin r8781, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Bafilomycin A1 (954 citations) Bafilomycin (161 citations) B1793 (14 citations) Bafilomycin A1 (B1793-2UG), (3 citations) Bafilomycin A1 from Streptomyces griseus (B1793) (2 citations)

25 protocols using bafilomycin a1 b1793

Genetic Murine Models in Tuberculosis Research

Cited 1 time

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TSC1^f/f-ERCre⁺ mice were previously reported [27 (link), 56 (link)]. LysM-Cre⁺ mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory. M. bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin or BCG) was obtained from the laboratory of Dr. William Jacobs (Albert Einstein College of Medicine). Virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC, 25618D-2) was purchased from ATCC. Rapamycin was obtained from Enzo Life Science (Enzo Life Science, A275). Bafilomycin A1 (B1793), 3-methyladenine (3-MA, M9281), and wortmannin (W1628) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Compound C (Millipore, 171,260) was obtained from Millipore (Billerica, MA).

Pan H., Zhong X.P, & Lee S. (2016). Sustained activation of mTORC1 in macrophages increases AMPKα-dependent autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. BMC Biochemistry, 17, 14.

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Inflammatory Response Modulation Assay

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All fatty acids and A922500 (10012708) were from Cayman. E coli LPS (L4391), (±)‐Norepinephrine (+)‐ bitartrate salt (A0937), fenoterol hydrobromide (F1016), bafilomycin A1 (B1793), and atglistatin (SML1075) were from Sigma. Interleukin‐4 (214‐14) was from Peprotech. ICI‐118,511 (0821) was from Tocris.

Petkevicius K., Bidault G., Virtue S., Jenkins B., van Dierendonck X.A., Dugourd A., Saez‐Rodriguez J., Stienstra R., Koulman A, & Vidal‐Puig A. (2021). Norepinephrine promotes triglyceride storage in macrophages via beta2‐adrenergic receptor activation. The FASEB Journal, 35(2), e21266.

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Endothelial Cell Culture and Pharmacological Treatments

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C57BL/6 mouse primary brain microvascular endothelial cells isolated from brain tissue of P2 pups were purchased from Cell Biologics (Chicago, IL, USA). Cells were cultured at 37 °C, in a humidified environment, in the presence of 5% CO₂. They were fed every 2 days with a complete mouse endothelial cell culture medium, on 60 mm diameter dishes or 12-well slides. Two days after confluence was reached, the cells were incubated for 24 h with serum-free medium. The cells were then treated with various pharmacological agents, including 50 mM ethanol, 100 μM acetaldehyde, lysosomal protease inhibitors 10 μg/ml pepstatin A (P-5318, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) and 10 μg/ml E64D (sc-201280 A, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), 200 nM rapamycin (R0395, Sigma-Aldrich), 100 nM Bafilomycin A1 (B-1793, Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP, M-1387, Sigma-Aldrich), 30 mM 3-methyladenine (M9281, Sigma-Aldrich), 75 nM wortmannin (W3144, Sigma-Aldrich), Krebs medium (145 mM NaCl, 4.75 mM KCl, 1.18 mM KH₂PO₄, 1.18 mM MgSO₄ hydrate, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 2.5 mM CaCl₂, pH 7.4) – this medium is commonly used for starvation condition, and ethanol (25 to 200 mM).

Girault V., Gilard V., Marguet F., Lesueur C., Hauchecorne M., Ramdani Y., Laquerrière A., Marret S., Jégou S., Gonzalez B.J., Brasse-Lagnel C, & Bekri S. (2017). Prenatal alcohol exposure impairs autophagy in neonatal brain cortical microvessels. Cell Death & Disease, 8(2), e2610-.

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Autophagy Marker Antibody Validation

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Antiretroviral drugs TDF and FTC (Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA), and DTG (ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). Rapamycin (R8781) and bafilomycin A1 (B1793) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Antibody resources: BECN1 (sc-11427) and CTSB (sc-365558) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA. LAMP2 (NB300-591) and MAP1LC3B (NB100-2220) were purchased from Novus Biological Company, Centennial, CO, USA. CTSD (ab75852) and M6PR (ab124767) were purchased from Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA. TFEB (A303-673A) was purchased from Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA. SQSTM1 (MBL PM045) was purchased from MBL International, Woburn, MA, USA. Goat anti-rabbit (sc-2004) and goat anti-mouse (sc-2005) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA.

Tripathi A., Thangaraj A., Chivero E.T., Periyasamy P., Callen S., Burkovetskaya M.E., Guo M.L, & Buch S. (2019). Antiretroviral-Mediated Microglial Activation Involves Dysregulated Autophagy and Lysosomal Dysfunction. Cells, 8(10), 1168.

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Cell Culture Conditions for HeLa, SCC-13, and HEK293

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HeLa cells were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, L-glutamine, and antibiotics (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human epidermal squamous carcinoma SCC-13 cell line was kindly provided by Rheinwald JG.^{54 (link)} Cells were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM, Invitrogen) with 25 mg/ml bovine pituitary extract, penicillin, streptomycin, 0.2 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, and CaCl₂ to a final Ca²⁺ concentration of 0.4 mmol/l. To maintain healthy confluent cultures, after cultures reached 40% confluence, they were re-fed daily with 1:1 medium (1:1 vol/vol Ca²⁺-free DMEM/KSFM, supplemented as above described). HEK293 cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS, l-glutamine, and antibiotics (Invitrogen). Bafilomycin A₁ (B1793) has been purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). HBSS buffer (#14025092) has been purchased from Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA).

Conte A., Paladino S., Bianco G., Fasano D., Gerlini R., Tornincasa M., Renna M., Fusco A., Tramontano D, & Pierantoni G.M. (2017). High mobility group A1 protein modulates autophagy in cancer cells. Cell Death and Differentiation, 24(11), 1948-1962.

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Diverse Antibody and Reagent Sources

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PHF1 (phospho-Ser396/404) and 12E8 (phospho-Ser262) antibodies were kindly provided by Dr. P. Davies and Dr. P. Seubert, respectively. Anti-tau polyclonal (A0024) antibody was purchased from Dako. Anti-Nrf2 (12721), TFEB (4220), mTOR (2983), pmTOR (phospho-Ser2448, 5536), p70S6K (2708), pp70S6K (phospho-Thr389, 9234), 4E-BP1 (9644), p4E-BP1 (phospho-Thr37/46, 2855), NDP52 (9036) and HA (2367) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-LC3 antibody (PD014) was obtained from Medical & Biological Laboratories. Anti-lamin (A/C) (SC-6215) and β-actin (MAB1501) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and Millipore, respectively. Anti-heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (ADI-SPA-895) and p62/SQSTM1 (BML-PW9860) antibodies were obtained from Enzo Life Sciences. Anti-ATG9b (PA5-20998) antibody was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Anti-tubulin (T6074) antibody was obtained from Sigma. The GFP-LC3 plasmid was used previously18 (link). The GSK-3β-S9A plasmid was kindly provided by Dr. E. Choi. The mouse TFEB specific predesigned siRNA (S74859) was purchased from Life Technology. The ON-TARGET plus mouse Nrf2 (18024) siRNA SMART pool was purchased from GE Healthcare. Fisetin (5016) was purchased from Tocris. Chemicals such as bafilomycin A1 (B1793) and chloroquine (C6628) were obtained from Sigma.

Kim S., Choi K.J., Cho S.J., Yun S.M., Jeon J.P., Koh Y.H., Song J., Johnson G.V, & Jo C. (2016). Fisetin stimulates autophagic degradation of phosphorylated tau via the activation of TFEB and Nrf2 transcription factors. Scientific Reports, 6, 24933.

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Characterization of HepG2, HepG2-2.15, and Huh-7 Cells

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HepG2 cells were maintained in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin (PS) (100 U/ml), and N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid (25 mM). HepG2-2.15 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 10% FBS, and PS (100 U/ml). Huh-7 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS and PS (100 U/ml). Antibodies against HSP90 (sc-101494), HSP70 (sc-32239), heme oxygenase 1 (sc-10789), GAPDH (sc-25778 and sc-293335), HBsAg (sc-52410), pSTAT1 (sc-7988), LAMP-1 (sc-20011 and sc-17768), heme oxygenase 1 siRNA (sc-35554), and control siRNA (sc-30007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, United States). Antibodies against IRF3 (#4962), pIRF3 (#4947S), STAT1 (#9172), and LC3B (#2775S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (CST). Antibodies against HBV core protein were purchased from Dako (B0586) and Abcam (ab18686). Bafilomycin-A1 (B 1793) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). A luciferase assay kit (E1501) was purchased from Promega, and the MitoSOX Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator (M36008) was purchased from Invitrogen.

Choi Y.M., Kim H., Lee S.A., Lee S.Y, & Kim B.J. (2020). A Telomerase-Derived Peptide Exerts an Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Effect via Mitochondrial DNA Stress-Dependent Type I Interferon Production. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 652.

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Chemical Reagents Used in Signaling Study

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The chemical reagents used in this study were listed as follows: CCCP (C2759), MG-132 (M8699), PMA (P1585), and bafilomycin A1 (B1793) were purchased from Sigma. Anti-Parkin antibody (4211), anti-RIG-I (3743) antibody, anti-MDA5 (5321) antibody, anti-MAVS (24930) antibody, anti-pTBK1-Ser172 (5483) antibody, anti-TBK1 (38066) antibody, anti-pIRF3-Ser396 (29047) antibody, anti-IRF3 (11904) antibody, anti-TOM20 (42406) antibody, anti-HSPD1 (12165) antibody, and anti-GAPDH (5174) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Mouse anti-HA antibody (H3663), rabbit anti-HA antibody (H6908), mouse anti-Myc antibody (SAB2702192), rabbit anti-Myc antibody (C3956), mouse anti-Flag antibody (F3165), and rabbit anti-Flag antibody (F7425) were purchased from Sigma. Anti-Flag M2 Affinity Gel (A2220) were purchased from Millipore. Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor Plus 647 (A32733) were purchased from Invitrogen.

Bu L., Wang H., Hou P., Guo S., He M., Xiao J., Li P., Zhong Y., Jia P., Cao Y., Liang G., Yang C., Chen L., Guo D, & Li C.M. (2020). The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Parkin Inhibits Innate Antiviral Immunity Through K48-Linked Polyubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1926.

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Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation

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Pan-caspase specific apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK, ALX-260-020-M001, Enzo Life Sciences). Authophagy inhibitor (3MA), Bafilomycin A1 (B1793) and Acridine Orange (A6014) from Sigma Aldrich. 30% Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was from Merck Millipore (107209).

Ellis M., Stern O, & Ashur-Fabian O. (2016). The double benefit of Spalax p53: surviving underground hypoxia while defying lung cancer cells in vitro via autophagy and caspase-dependent cell death. Oncotarget, 7(39), 63242-63251.

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Cell Culture and Reagent Protocol

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HEK293, MCF7, A549, PNT2, CCD-18Lu, HaCaT, and U251 human cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, United States) and cultured as per ATCC instructions. PC3 and DU145 cell lines were purchased from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, South Korea). Human astrocytes were obtained from Applied Biological Materials (Richmond, Canada) and cultured in type I collagen-coated dishes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States). MG132 (C2211), bafilomycin A1 (B1793), and actinomycin D (A9415) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). The following antibodies were used: anti-Pin1 (sc-15340), anti-β-tubulin (sc-9104), anti-GFP (sc-9996), anti-RelA (sc-8008), anti-c-Rel (sc-6955), anti-p50 (sc-1190), anti-p52 (sc-7386), anti-NFAT (sc-7294), and anti-REST (sc-374611) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, United States); anti-AKT (9272), anti-phospho-AKT (9271), anti-mTOR (2972), anti-phosphor-mTOR (2971), anti-RelB (10544), and anti-STAT3 (9139) from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States); anti-HIF-1α antibody was raised in rabbit as previously described^{29 (link)}.

Choi Y.J., Kim I., Lee J.E, & Park J.W. (2019). PIN1 transcript variant 2 acts as a long non-coding RNA that controls the HIF-1-driven hypoxic response. Scientific Reports, 9, 10599.

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