Jdx 8030

All chemical substances such as H₂O₂, FeCl₂.4H₂O, FeCl₃.6H₂O, PVA 72000 MW, Cu(CH₃COO)₂, CH₃CN and other solvents were bought from Merck and Sigma Aldrich companies. A Shimadzu IR-470 spectrometer was used for obtaining FT-IR spectra of products by using KBr disk. TEM imaging was performed using Philips CM200 apparatus. SEM imaging was measured by a Sigma-Zeiss microscope with an attached camera. XRD analysis was assessed with a JEOL JDX-8030 (30 kV, 20 mA). EDX measurements were carried out by using a Numerix DXP-X1-P apparatus. TGA analysis was performed by an STA504. VSM evaluation was conducted with a Lakeshore 7407.

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) equipped with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed in FEI TECNAI T20G2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was carried out in SU 8000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded at room temperature by JEOL JDX 8030. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out at Axis ultra DLD spectrometer (Kratos Co., UK) with a monochromatic Al-Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV). The surface phenomenon was studied by atomic force microscope (INNOVA, USA), and the surface area analysis by Gemini VII 2.00. UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) was carried out in JASCO V-560 and the photoluminescence by LABRAM (HR800) to study the optical properties of the extract and synthesized CuO-NP with diffuse reflectance. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out in JASCO 440 plus. TGA-50 HIMADZU recorded thermogravimetric analysis. The zeta potential of the synthesized CuO NPs was analyzed by a 90-plus particle size analyzer (DR-525, Brookhaven Instruments Corporation, USA).

The materials used in this study include FeCl₃, NaOH, FeCl₂, EtOH, CH₂Cl₂, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), chitosan (CS), HCl and NH₄VO₃, all of which were purchased from Merck without purification. The FT-IR spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu IR-470 spectrophotometer. TGA spectra were obtained using the STA504 device in the temperature range of 25–1000 °C, with the temperature increasing by 10 °C every minute during the analysis. Results from EDX-mapping analyzes were recorded with a Brucker TESCAN equipped with a SAMX Detector. FESEM images were acquired using a TESCAN MIRA3 at various magnifications. The magnetic strength of the catalyst was determined using a VSM apparatus from Magnatis Kavir Kashan Company. TEM images were captured using a CM 120 instrument from the Netherlands with a maximum voltage of 100 KV. X-ray diffraction patterns were prepared using a JEOL-JDX-8030 instrument (30 KV, 20 mA).

Chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Merck companies and applied without any further purifications. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu IR-470 spectrometer by the method of KBr pellet. Melting points were measured on an Electrothermal 9100 apparatus. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed by a MIRA 3 TESCAN microscope with an attached camera. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained by a Philips CM120 instrument. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was achieved by micromeritics ASAP 2020. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was taken by Bahr-STA 504 instrument. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were reported on a JEOL JDX–8030 (30 kV, 20 mA). Elemental analysis of the nanocatalyst was carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis recorded Numerix DXP-X10P. Lakeshore 7407 (Meghnatis Kavir Kashan Co., Iran) vibrating sample magnetometers (VSMs) was used for examining the magnetic measurement of the solid sample. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-300 Avance spectrometer at 300 and 75 MHz, respectively.

The solvents, chemicals, and reagents were acquired from various commercial companies such as Merck, Sigma-Aldrich, and Fluka and were used as received. Penicillin G 800 000 U was provided from Jaber Ebne Hayyan Pharmaceutical Company (Iran). FT-IR spectra were recorded using Shimadzu IR-470 spectrometer in the transmission mode using KBr pellets of the sample. Elemental analysis of prepared samples was performed by EDX analysis recorded on Numerix DXP-X10P. The morphology and structure of the bionanocomposite were studied by SEM, VEGA2 TESCAN instrument. The XRD patterns of the solid powders were developed using a JEOL JDX-8030 (30 kV, 20 mA). The optical properties of samples were measured with a Shimadzu UV–visible Mini 1240 spectrophotometer. An autoclave (Reyhan Teb, 2KW-220v) was used to sterilize the glassware. An incubator (Sh, Noor Sanat Ferdos) was used for cell cultivation. The flow cytometry data were acquired using a BD FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). 2′-7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used as a detection probe to assess ROS generation for the study of the antibacterial mechanism of bionanocomposite.