Stock solutions of memantine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were dissolved in standard aCSF (see above) at 1, 3, or 10 mM, stored at −80°C until the day of experiments, and diluted 1 : 1000 to a final concentration of 1, 3, or 10 μM on the day of experiments. For the two lowest concentrations of picrotoxin (Sigma) used here (0.1 and 1 μM), 10x stock solutions were prepared (1 and 10 μM, resp.) and diluted to the appropriate concentration on the day of the experiment. Given that picrotoxin does not dissolve in water at high concentrations, 10 and 100 μM were dissolved in aCSF on the day of the experiment. Bacterial expression and purification of rPrP were performed as described previously [29 (link)], and the protein concentration was determined by measuring absorbance at 276 nm using the appropriate extinction coefficients.
Memantine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
Memantine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various research and diagnostic applications. Memantine functions as a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which can be utilized in scientific investigations and experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mk 801, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Galantamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Amantadine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Aβ25 35, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vesamicol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N methyl d aspartate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D 2 amino 5 phosphonopentanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dihydro β erythroidine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
7 8 diol citrate salt mla, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pd98059, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ly294002, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Donepezil, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Picrotoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cimetidine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
50 protocols using memantine
1
Preparation and Characterization of Memantine and Picrotoxin Solutions
2
Quantification of Pharmacological Agents
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Memantine, cimetidine and propranolol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol and water was of HPLC grade (Burdick & Jackson Korea, Seoul, Korea). All other reagents and solvents were of reagent or analytical grade.
3
Irisin Protein Expression in E. coli
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The irisin expression construct (pET15b-His-3C-irisin) was procured from Addgene (122612). For the expression of irisin, the C41-DE3 strain of E. coli was used. Ampicillin, memantine, galantamine, and fluoxetine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Saint Louis, MO, Missuori, USA). For buffer preparations, analytical -grade chemicals were used.
4
Memantine Modulates Brain Glucose Metabolism
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Mice from the anesthetized group were scanned 3 d after the retest scans (second row of Fig. 2 ). The mice first received an intraperitoneal injection of memantine (30 mg/kg; Sigma Aldrich), after which they were returned to their cages for 30 min. These awake animals then received an 18F-FDG injection (18.6 0.50 MBq) through the tail vein. The mice were once again returned to their cages for an uptake period of 20 min. They were subsequently anesthetized with isoflurane and scanned for 20 min.
In a similar procedure, the mice in the awake group were scanned 3 d after the retest scans (fourth row ofFig. 2 ) following the same protocol as used for the anesthetized group and with the same 2 exceptions as indicated above (17.7 1.99 MBq).
Two mice from the anesthetized group (retest and memantine scans) and one from the awake group (memantine scan) were not properly injected with tracer or memantine. Additionally, one mouse removed a point source (awake-mouse retest scan). These animals were therefore excluded from the analysis.
In a similar procedure, the mice in the awake group were scanned 3 d after the retest scans (fourth row of
Two mice from the anesthetized group (retest and memantine scans) and one from the awake group (memantine scan) were not properly injected with tracer or memantine. Additionally, one mouse removed a point source (awake-mouse retest scan). These animals were therefore excluded from the analysis.
5
Memantine for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Mice were randomly assigned in a blinded manner to receive either memantine (M9292, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or saline, 1 h prior to head impact. memantine was administered in saline intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg in 10 mL/kg daily for the 6-day duration of the HF-HI protocol. Route of administration, safety, and efficacy of this dosing regimen in rodents have previously been reported85 (link),86 (link).
6
Evaluating Memantine's Impact on 4T1 Breast Cancer
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Memantine was provided from Sigma–Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA. Memantine was dissolved in apyrogenic sterile distilled water. 4T1 mice breast cancer cell line was kindly gifted by Dr. Gunes Esendagli (Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara). Cells were grown in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with 10% Fetal bovine serum (South africa origin, Biowest, USA) in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 oC. Female Balb/c mice (6–8 weeks old, 18–22 g each) were purchased from Kobay Laboratory Animals Inc. (Ankara, Turkey). The mice were housed in the cages at 24 ± 1 °C, 12-h light-dark cycle with ad libitum access in Gazi University Laboratory Animals and Experimental Research Center, Ankara. This study was performed under Gazi University Animal Research Ethics Committee approval between March and May 2017 (Approval number G.U.ET-17.019).
7
Investigating Neuroblastoma Cell Response
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The human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were obtained from the Pasteur Institute (Iran). We purchased Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and Penicillin-Streptomycin from Gibco®life technologies™(USA). Moreover, Aβ25-35, memantine, chloroquine, and BD-1063 (a selective sigma receptor antagonist) were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich (USA).
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The human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were obtained from the Pasteur Institute (Iran). We purchased Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and Penicillin-Streptomycin from Gibco®life technologies™(USA). Moreover, Aβ25-35, memantine, chloroquine, and BD-1063 (a selective sigma receptor antagonist) were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich (USA).
8
Memantine Effects on Behavioral Tests
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Memantine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in saline. Memantine treatment was conducted as previously described.43 (link),74 (link) Memantine (5 mg/kg) or saline alone (control) was administered to mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 30 min before behavior tests, such as the home cage social interaction test, three-chamber test, measurements of repetitive self-grooming behaviors or the injection of picrotoxin. For behavior tests that require training sessions and test sessions, such as the Morris water maze test and contextual fear conditioning test, Memantine (5 mg/kg) or saline is i.p. injected into mice 30 min before the training sessions and test sessions. Behavioral tests were performed as described above. Memantine (5 mg/kg) or saline alone was administered to mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 30 min before the injection of picrotoxin, then the mice were monitored and video-recorded in a clear cage for 1 hour after picrotoxin administration.
9
Quantitative Analysis of Memantine and Amantadine
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Methanol, formic acid (both for mass spectrometry gradient grade), sodium hydroxide, diethyl ether, chloroform (all HPLC grade), memantine and amantadine (internal standard, IS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water was produced by Aqua Osmotic 06 (Aqua Osmotic, Tisnov, Czech Republic). Supelco Supelclean LC-WCX (1 mL, 100 mg) SPE cartridges were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
10
Differentiation of Leukemia Cell Lines
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Three human leukemia cell lines were used in this work: Meg‐01, Set‐2 (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures [DSMZ], Braunschweig, Germany) and K‐562 (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC], Manassas, VA). Cell lines were grown in supplemented RPMI‐1640, as before.33 To induce differentiation, cells were seeded in 6‐well plates at 2 × 105 cells per well and cultured in the presence of phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA; 10 or 25 nmol L−1) for 3 days34 or valproic acid (VPA; 500 μmol L−1) for 7 days35 (both from Sigma‐Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO). l ‐glutamic acid (glutamate) and NMDA were used as NMDAR agonists (50‐500 μmol L−1); memantine (3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐adamantanamine hydrochloride) and MK‐801 ([+]‐MK‐801 hydrogen maleate) as NMDAR antagonists (25‐100 μmol L−1; Sigma‐Aldrich). Cell viability was measured using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (Thermo‐Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Cell proliferation was quantified from the amount of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into synthesized DNA using Cell Proliferation ELISA kit (Roche‐Applied Science, San Diego, CA).
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