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11 protocols using acetonitrile

1

Retinal Protein Extraction and Purification

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For protein extraction, retinal tissue was shock frozen with liquid nitrogen and disintegrated to powder in a mortar. The samples were incubated in lysis buffer (0.5% n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside in 20 mM Tris-buffered saline) at 4°C for 1 hour and another hour in ultrasonic bath on ice to ensure a maximum of cellular breakdown. Protein concentration of each sample was determined by standard bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA) following the instruction of the manufacturer. From each retinal elute, 80 µg of protein was loaded onto a NuPAGE Novex 12% Bis-Tris Protein Gel (Thermo Fisher, USA) and was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Each gel lane was divided into 15 individual pieces and de-stained using ammonium bicarbonate (Sigma Aldrich, USA) and acetonitrile (AppliChem, Germany), reduced, alkylated, dehydrated, and digested with sequence grade trypsin (Promega, USA) at 37°C overnight.38 The extracted peptides were further purified by C-18 ZipTips (Merck, Germany) as per the manufacturer's protocol.39 The samples were then dehydrated and stored at −20°C until further mass spectrometry (MS) measurement.
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2

Quantification of Cannabinoids in Serum

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Reference standards for THC-d3, THC-OH, THC-OH-d3, THC-COOH-d9, CBD, CBD-d3, CBDA, CBN-d3, CBNA, CBG, CBGA, CBC, CBCA, CBL, THCV, THCVA, CBDV and CBDVA were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA), CBG-d9 and CBC-d9 from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) via LGC Standards (Wesel, Germany), CBN, THC and THC-COOH from LGC Standards and THCAA from THC Pharm (Frankfurt a. M., Germany). All standards were certified reference material and had a purity of at least 99.0%, except for THC-OH-d3, THCAA, CBC, CBC-d9, CBCA, CBL, THCVA, CBDV and CBDVA (97.7%), THC-d3 (96.7%), and CBG-d9 (95.0%). All chemicals were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), except for methanol (from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK)) and acetonitrile (from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany)). Chemicals used in LC-MS/MS measurement processes were LC-MS grade. All other chemicals were HPLC grade, except for acetone and dichloromethane, which had a purity of 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Blank human serum used for calibration was obtained from voluntary healthy blood donors via blood donation service and was tested to be drug-free.
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3

Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Compounds

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Acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid were purchased from AppliChem, Panreac Quimica SA (Barcelona, Spain). Hexane, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, oleuropein, oleocanthal, and pinoresinol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydroxytyrosol was acquired from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and apigenin from Fluka (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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4

Analytical Reagents for Chemical Analysis

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The following chemicals were used in this research: aceton (Lach-Ner, Neratovice, Czech Republic); acetonitrile (Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany); ammonium formate (GramMol, Zagreb, Croatia); argon, 99.9995% (Messer, Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany), certified element reference material (CPAChem, Bogomilovo, Bulgaria); distilled water and nitric acid (Gram-Mol, Zagreb, Croatia); helium, 6.0 (Messer, Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany); methanol (GramMol, Zagreb, Croatia); mixture of magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, and citrate salts (Citrate-Kit-01, BEKOlut, Bruchmühlbach-Miesau, Germany); mixture of magnesium sulphate salt, primary secondary amine, and GCB (PSA-Kit-06, BEKOlut, Bruchmühlbach-Miesau, Germany); sodium hydroxide (T.T.T., Sveta Nedjelja, Croatia); petrol ether (Applichem, Chicago, IL, USA); sulfuric acid (Chemistry, Zagreb, Croatia); and hydrogen peroxide (Gram-Mol, Zagreb, Croatia).
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5

Protein Purification and Analysis

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Ovalbumin (Ova, ≥90%),
α-chymotrypsinogen A (α-CT) from bovine pancreas, myoglobin
(Myo) from equine skeletal muscle (≥95%), horseradish peroxidase
type VI-A (HRP), and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) from bovine
milk (≥90%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Appropriate amounts of protein powder were dissolved in SEC buffer.
Ultrapure water (MQ) was obtained with a Milli-Q system from Merck
Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile,
both HPLC-grade, were purchased from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany).
All other chemicals used for the preparation of mobile phases were
obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany).
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6

Quantification of Hydroxytyrosol in Samples

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The reference standard OLEA (≥90%) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada) and hydroxytyrosol (OH-TY) was obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). The reagents methanol, acetonitrile (ACN), and formic acid were acquired from AppliChem, Panreac Quimica SLU (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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7

Quantification of Olive Oil Compounds

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OLC (≥95% purity) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and OLE (≥90% purity) and OLA (≥95% purity) from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). MeOH, acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid were acquired from AppliChem, Panreac Quimica SLU (Barcelona, Spain). Hexane, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chloroform-d, tetramethylsilane and gentisic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and cycloHexane from Carlo Erba (Madrid, Spain). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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8

Analytical Protocol for Phenolic Compounds

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Acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, formic acid, and acetic acid were purchased from AppliChem, Panreac Quimica SA (Barcelona, Spain). Hexane, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), all-E-α-carotene, all-E-β-carotene, all-E-lutein, all-E-lycopene caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, isolariciresinol, larisiresinol, luteolin, naringenin, oleuropein, pinoresinol, protocatchuic acid, quercetin, rutin, and secoisolariciresinol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Narigenin-7-O-glucoside, hydroxytyrosol, and ethyl gallate were acquired from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), vanillic acid and apigenin from Fluka (St. Louis, MO, USA), and verbascoside from HWI Analytic. C18 ODS SPE bulk sorbent was purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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9

Mycotoxin Analysis in Tea Infusions

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Water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Merck Russia, Moscow, Russia). Formic acid (pure, 98+%, Acros organics, Germany), ammonium formate (for LC-MS, Sigma Aldrich, Moscow, Russia), HPLC-grade methanol (LiChrosolv, Merck, Germany), and acetonitrile (Panreac, AppliChem, Germany) were used for the preparation of the standard solutions of mycotoxins and mobile phases. acetonitrile (pure, Criochrom, St. Petersburgh, Russia) was used for sample extraction. The pH of water for tea infusing was adjusted by citric acid monohydrate (≥99.8%, Lenreactiv, St-Petersburg, Russia), sodium hydroxide (>98%, Reakhim, Moscow, Russia), sodium bicarbonate (99.5–100.5%, Sigma Aldrich, Moscow, Russia).
Three types of water were used to prepare infusions: distilled water (DW) (average pH 5.4 (n = 6, CV = 2.1%); total dissolved solids, average TDS = 4.4 mg/L (n = 5, CV = 12%)), bottled deep-well water (D-WW) (average pH 7.9 (n = 6, CV = 6,4%); average TDS = 155 mg/L (n = 5, CV = 0.8%)) and bottled still natural mineral water (NMW) (average pH 7.6 (n = 5, CV = 2.2%); average TDS = 238 mg/L (n = 5, CV = 0.4%)). TDS were measured by portable conductometer COM-360 (HM-digital, Culver City, CA, USA). Bottled water was purchased from the local market.
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10

Fatty Acid Quantification Protocol

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Docosahexaenoic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid—d5, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid—d5, Arachidonic acid, Arachidonic—d8, Linoleic acid, and α-Linolenic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Linolenic Acid—d4 and α-Linolenic acid—d14 were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
Methanol and Hexane were purchased from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany), potassium hydroxide from Chimreactiv (Bucharest, Romania), acetonitrile from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), isopropanol, formic acid, and ammonium acetate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and water from VWR International (Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA). All reagents were HPLC-grade.
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