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11 protocols using furfuryl alcohol

1

Tannin-based Adhesive Formulation

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Bayberry (Myrica rubra) tannin powder (T, 85%) was purchased from Shengxuan Chemical Company (Zhengzhou, China). Furfuryl alcohol (F, 98%), glyoxal (G, 40%), p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA, 97.5%), ether (99.5%), and PVOH (5%) were obtained from Sinopharm (Beijing, China). Tween 80 and guar gum (viscosity of 5000–5500 mPa·s) were purchased from Shandong Kepler Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Jining, Shandong, China).
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2

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4, 98%) and Palladium(II) chloride (PdCl2, 59% Pd) were purchased from J&K Scientific Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), terephthalic acid (H2BDC, 98%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%), hydrofluoric acid (HF, 40%), absolute ethanol (99.7%), hexane (98%), furfural (99%), furfuryl alcohol (98.5%), tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (99%), cyclopentanone (97%) and cyclopentanol (99%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), 2-nitro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylicacid (NO2-H2BDC, 98%) was purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was purchased from Dalian University of Technology. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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3

Synthesis of N-Alanyl-L-Glutamine

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N-(2)-l-alanyl-l-glutamine with a purity of 99%, furfuryl alcohol (FA, 98.5 wt %), toluene-p-sulfonic acid (99 wt %) and sodium hydroxide (96 wt %) in reagent grade were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
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4

Bamboo-Based Composite Materials

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Bamboo bundles were purchased from bamboo-flooring factory in Zhejiang Province, China. Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was purchased from Guangdong Dynea Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Zhaoqing, China). Other agents, including furfuryl alcohol, sodium borate, citric acid, and oxalic acid, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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5

Furfurylation of Moso Bamboo Specimens

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Furfuryl alcohol (CAS: 98-00-0, light yellow liquid, ≥98%), a buffering agent, and catalysts were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals used were of analytical grade and all solutions were prepared with deionized water. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazei ex H. de Lebaie) strips with regular cross section were purchased from a bamboo flooring enterprise in Zhejiang Province, China. The specimens were prepared from the strips with the number and dimensions shown in Table 1. These specimens were conditioned at 23 °C and 65% relative humidity for at least 30 days before furfurylation.
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6

Synthesis of Metal Nitrate Complexes

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Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O, Co(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O and Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O were purchased from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd. Dimethylimidazole was obtained from TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd. Furfural, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetonitrile, methylbenzene and 1,4-dioxane were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. In addition, the commercial noble metals catalysts were purchased from Aladdin Reagent. All chemicals were used without further treatments.
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7

Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation of Benzoquinone

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TC and p-benzoquinone (99% BQ) were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Company. Potassium peroxymonosulfate compound salt (≥42% PMS) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Company. Other reagents such as urea, oxalic acid dihydrate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), methanol (MeOH), p-benzoquinone (BQ), furfuryl alcohol (FFA), and ethanol were all purchased analytically pure from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. The water used in the experiments was deionized water.
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8

Tannin-Based Biobased Adhesive Synthesis

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Mimosa (Acacia mearnsii De Willd) tannin extract powder (T) was purchased from the Wuming Grilled Rubber Factory (Guangxi, China). Corn (Zea mays L.) starch (S) was provided by Jilin COFCO Biochemical Energy Sales Co., Ltd (Changchun, China). Furfuryl alcohol (FA, with a purity of 98%), formaldehyde (F, with a purity of 37%), glyoxal (G, with a purity of 40%), p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA, with a purity of 97.5%), and silicone oil (with a viscosity of 100 mm2/s) were obtained from Sinopharm, Beijing, China. Azodicarbonamide (with a purity of 98%) was obtained from Macklin’s Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Penicillium sp. colonies were prepared as follows: Wild Armillaria mellea was collected in Daguan, Zhaotong, China. The bacteria was placed in a sealed bag, then wetted at room temperature and cultured for 1–3 days. After the mycelium growth on the bacterial surface, it was inoculated into a sterile medium and cultured for 1–2 days at a temperature of 28 °C and relative humidity of 75% to obtain the Penicillium sp. colonies.
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9

Synthesis of Titanate Nanotubes for Photocatalysis

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TiO2(anatase, 2-5 nm, 98%) and Cadmium standard solution (1000 ug/mL in 1 mol/L HCl) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
Furfuryl alcohol (>99%), Ethanol, Calcium chloride anhydrous (CaCl2, >99%) and Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (>99%) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O) and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >99%) were both acquired from XiLong Scientific Co., Ltd (Guangdong, China).
2.2 Preparation of TNT, TNT/C and TNT/HC 2.2.1 Preparation of TNT Mix 1.2 g of TiO2 with 60 mL of 10 M NaOH solution. After stirring overnight, the mixture was poured into a container lined with polytetrafluoroethylene, and then heated at 130°C for 3 days. Until the temperature of the mixed solution was consistent with room temperature, rinsed the sample with pure water until the supernatant reached neutrality. Then the target product was sonicated in alcohol and lastly dried at 80°C (Li et al. 2015) .
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10

Characterization and Utilization of Mn-rich Limonite

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The tetracycline hydrochloride (Aladdin Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China), acetonitrile, methanol (Tedia Company Inc., USA), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), furfuryl alcohol (FFA) and oxalic (Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China) were used in this work. All other analytical grades inorganic chemicals including HCl, NaOH, KOH, NaCl, NaNO 3 ,
and MnO 2 were used. The Mn-rich limonite was collected from the Yeshan, Tongling city, Anhui Province, China. Table. S1 shows the chemical compositions of the limonite were Fe 2 O 3 = 65.5 wt.%, MnO = 20.1 wt.%, SiO 2 = 6.8 wt.%, Al 2 O 3 = 4.3 wt.% and ZnO = 1.5 wt.%. The minerals were crushed, ground and sieved for further experiments.
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