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56 protocols using reflotron

1

Biomarker Analysis in Plasma

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BCCPs
were analyzed in plasma using commercial strips (Reflotron, Roche)
and an automated spectrophotometric analyzer (Reflotron, Roche). The
targeted analytes consisted of seven different parameters: triglycerides
(TG, mmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, U/L), cholesterol (mmol/L),
creatine kinase (CK, U/L), uric acid (μmol/L), amylase (U/L),
and glucose (mmol/L). All assays were subjected to daily internal
quality controls. To analyze TG and CK, samples were diluted 1:2 and
1:5 respectively with saline solution (NaCl, 9 mg/mL).
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2

Plasma Triglyceride Measurement in Rats

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Blood triglyceride level of animals was estimated by Reflotron (Boehringer-Mannheim, Germany) using plasma from the processed blood. The fresh whole blood taken from the periorbital sinus of rats was centrifuged at 3000 rpm, 4°C for 10 min. The plasma was then obtained from the processed blood. An amount of 30 μL of plasma was placed on the Roche Reflotron Triglyceride strip and then placed into the Reflotron machine to be analysed. The amount of triglyceride is expressed as mmol/L.
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3

Serum ALT and AST Measurement

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Serum ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) activities were measured using commercially available colorimetric assays (Reflotron, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).
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4

Biomarkers of Kidney Function

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Serum and urinary creatinine (Crs and Cru respectively) and blood urea concentration were measured by means of the automated analyzer Reflotron (Roche Diagnostics, Barcelona, Spain; lower detection limit of 0.5 mg/dL). Urine protein concentration was measured by the Bradford method [30] (link). Urine NAG content was determined by a colorimetric method with a commercial kit (Roche Diagnostics, Barcelona, Spain) based on the conversion of 3-cresolsulfonphthaleinyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide into the purple 3-cresol-cresolsulfonphthaleinyl. Albuminuria was measured with a commercial ELISA following the manufacturer’s instructions (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA).
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5

Colorimetric Serum Enzyme Assay

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Serum samples were diluted 1∶10 or higher, if required, in 0.9% NaCl and analyzed for AST and ALT activity by using commercially available colorimetric assay kits at 25°C (detection limit for undiluted serum is 2.25 U/l for AST and 2.65 U/l for ALT) (Reflotron, Roche Diagnostics). Parameters were measured for individual animals.
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6

Liver Tumor Induction in Mice

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Liver tumors were induced by chemical carcinogenesis in male mice according to the scheme shown in Supplementary Fig. 1a. Mice were sacrificed when liver tumors were visible in EGFRf/f, EGFRf/+ or EGFR+/+ Cre+ littermate control mice, which occurred around 36 weeks in the Alfp-Cre, around 46 weeks in the Mx-Cre and around 63 weeks in the Alfp-Cre; LysMCre double transgenic background. The genetic background of the mice was mixed (C57BL/6 × 129/Sv × CBA/J), but varied between the different Cre lines thus explaining the difference in the timing of tumor development. For each experiment, we show EGFRf/f littermates as controls. To exclude Cre-mediated effects we confirmed that EGFRf/+ or EGFR+/+Alfp-Cre, Mx-Cre, LysM-Cre mice developed the same defects as EGFRf/f controls. Liver injury after DEN injection (100mg/kg body weight) was determined by measuring the circulating transaminases AST/ALT (Reflotron, Roche) and by quantifying necrotic areas using H&E stained sections at the time points indicated.
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7

Assaying Capillary Blood CK Levels

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Fingertip samples of capillary blood were obtained at each time point and immediately assayed for creatine kinase (CK) concentration (Reflotron, Roche Diagnostics, Germany).
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8

Metabolic Biomarkers in Fed Mice

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Blood was collected from the facial vein of fed mice under light ether anaesthesia into eppendorf tubes containing heparin (20 μL, 25,000 IU/5 mL) twice a month, starting from week. Samples were analyzed for glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels using a Reflotron reflectance photometric analyser (Reflotron, Roche Diagnostics and Vitros, Johnson & Johnson). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and alpha-amylase activity were measured using the same method only in week 19. Plasmatic levels of ghrelin and insulin were measured in week 19 using ELISA kit (Wide range mouse insulin immunoassay kit, Biorbyt; Mouse ghrelin enzyme immunoassay kit, Biorbyt). Alpha-amylase activity was measured.
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9

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Protocol

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The smoking status (never/current/former) was recorded. Smokers who stopped smoking ≥1 year prior to recruitment were considered former smokers. Blood pressure was measured in triplicate, after 5 min of rest using an automated device (Omron M6 Comfort HEM-7221-E (Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan)) at 2-min intervals, and the mean of the last two was calculated. A dried capillary blood sample was used for the total cholesterol (mg/dL) measurement using a REFLOTRON® (Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Germany).
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10

Plasma biomarkers after anti-CD40 treatment

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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Bilirubin levels (Reflotron; Roche) were measured from mice plasma after anti-CD40 antibody treatment. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements were performed by the Veterinary Laboratory of the University of Zurich.
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