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13 protocols using histomix

1

Histological Analysis of Liver Samples

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Freshly isolated liver samples were fixed Davidson’s fixative for 24 h. After an extensive wash in H2O, samples were dehydrated in isopropanol solutions with a rising concentration from 70 to 100% and then embedded in Histomix (Biovitrum, Russia) +56°C. Embedded tissue samples were sectioned by microtome at 5-μm slices and mounted onto SuperFrost glass slides. For Mallory staining, we used commercially-available kits (Biovitrum, Russia). The photos of histological specimens were taken with microscope Keyence BZ9000 BioRevo (Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Japan).
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2

Impact of Peat Smoke Exposure on Male Reproductive and Neurological Function

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F0 males were euthanized by decapitation 24 h after exposure (peat-smoke-exposed group n = 10; control group n = 10). Testes (left) and brains were removed and fixed in neutral buffered formalin solution (10%), dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol (70, 80, 90, 95, and 100%), and placed in a homogenized paraffin medium, HistoMix (BioVitrum, Petersburg, Russia), for histological studies. Then, layer-by-layer serial tissue sections 5 µm thick were prepared [15 ]. Section preparations were stained with hematoxylin–eosin to perform survey microscopy. Then, the sections were visualized using an Olympus BX 51 light-optical research microscope (OlympusCo, Tokyo, Japan) at a magnification of X100. The spermatogenesis index (the sum of all spermatogenesis cell stages calculated in 100 sections) and the number of normal spermatogonia were determined from testis histological slides. The functional state of the tissue of the sensorimotor cortex was judged by the change in the total number of neurons, the number of degenerative neurons and glial cells, and the number of shadow cells. Dark-stained deformed neurons without a clearly distinguishable nucleus and cytoplasm were considered degenerative. Animals were euthanized by decapitation.
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3

Liver Tissue Histological Assessment

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Freshly isolated liver samples were cut into 3 × 3 mm pieces and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h. After an extensive wash in diH2O, samples were dehydrated in isopropanol solutions with rising concentration from 70 to 100%, followed by two immersions in xylene and then embedded in Histomix (Biovitrum, Russia) at 56 °C. Embedded tissue samples were sectioned by microtome at 5 µm slices and mounted onto SuperFrost glass slides. For Mallory staining, we used a commercially available kit (Biovitrum, Russia). Sections were analysed using a Keyence BZ9000 BioRevo microscope (Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Japan).
The amount of Mallory trichrome stained tissue area in tissue sections was quantified on at least 10 view fields per slide at 100× magnification using NIH ImageJ software.
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4

Histological Analysis of Tissue Injury

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The following chemicals and drugs were used: propofol-Lipuro (B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany), diethyl ether for anesthesia (Kuzbassorghim, Kemerovo, Russia), Tween 80 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), thiopental sodium (Syntez, Kurgan, Russia), 10% neutral formalin, embedding medium Histomix, Vitrogel, Masson Trichrome Stain Kit, picrofuchsin solution for Van Gieson staining (BioVitrum, St. Petersburg, Russia), ethanol (Konstanta-Farm M, Moscow, Russia), and o-xylene (EKOS-1, Moscow, Russia).
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5

Histological Preparation of Liver Samples

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Freshly isolated liver samples were cut onto pieces 3 × 3 mm and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h. After extensive wash in diH2O, samples were dehydrated in isopropanol solutions with rising concentration from 70% to 100%, followed by two immersions in xylene and then being embedded in Histomix (Biovitrum, Russia) at 56 °C. Embedded tissue samples were sectioned by microtome at 5 µm slices and mounted onto SuperFrost glass slides. For Mallory, Van Gieson and Heidenhain staining, we used commercially-available kits (Biovitrum, Russia).
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6

Histological Assessment of Rat Brain Tissue

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Tissue samples of rat brains from each group (IR4.5, IR24, SH4.5 and SH24; n = 3–4) were immersed in Buin’s fluid for 24 h and washed with 70% ethanol. Tissue samples were dehydrated and embedded in Histomix® (BioVitrum, Russia). Tissue sectioning was performed with the orientation of two tissue blocks for subsequent excision into coronary sections at the level from − 4.0 to − 0.5 and from − 0.5 to + 5 mm from the bregma. Sections with a thickness of 5–6 μm obtained through 0.5–1 mm on a microtome (Leica RM2235, Germany) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (BioVitrum) after dewaxing. Histological specimens were examined under a microscope (Leica DM 1000) with a micrograph to digital camera (Leica ICC50 HD). Morphological analysis was performed with allowance for normal and pathological central nervous system variants [46 (link)–48 (link)]. Stereotactic mapping of the damaged zones and accurate determination of the level of sections were performed according to an atlas of the rat brain.
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7

Preparation of Liver and Gallbladder Samples

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In hamsters, tissue samples were taken from the large right lobe of the liver and (i) were placed into RNAlater (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA); (ii) were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin and were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and in xylene (STP-120, Thermo Scientific). Dehydrated samples were enclosed in a paraffinic medium HISTOMIX (BioVitrum, Saint Petersburg, Russia). For microscopic examination, sections of 3.5 μm thickness were prepared on a rotary microtome Microm HM 355S (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Human gallbladder tissue samples along with liver samples were subjected to similar chemical processing.
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8

Histological Analysis of Rat Tissues

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Samples of intestine, Peyer’s patches, spleen, and liver from rats were fixed in 10% neutral formalin in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and poured into “Histomix” paraffin (BioVitrum, Saint Petersburg, Russia). The paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin (BioVitrum, Russia) and eosin (BioVitrum, Saint Petersburg, Russia) to evaluate tissue morphology under a light microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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9

Histological Analysis of Peri-Implantitis Granulation Tissue

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To increase the reliability of the results of physical study methods, duplicate histological studies of soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed granulation tissue were performed.
A histological study of the tissue samples was performed immediately after the biopsy was obtained as a result of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. The material was placed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for 72 h, after which the tissue samples were washed in running water for 2 h. After standard histological preparation, the tissue samples were embedded in paraffin (Histomix, Biovitrum, St. Petersburg, Russia) using histological pouring rings (Biovitrum, St. Petersburg, Russia). Serial and semi-serial slices were made from the obtained blocks on a Microm microtome (from 3 to 7 μm). To reveal specific processes of connective tissue formation, the preparations were stained using the Mallory technique (Biovitrum, St. Petersburg, Russia).
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10

Morphological Studies of Nervous Tissue

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To perform morphological studies of the nervous tissue, the animals underwent euthanasia by decapitation. The brain from each animal under study was removed and fixed in neutral buffered formalin solution (10%), dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol (70, 80, 90, 95, and 100%), and placed in a homogenized paraffin medium for histological studies HistoMix (BioVitrum, Russia). Then, using an HM 400 microtome (Microm, Germany), serial horizontal sections with a thickness of 4–5 μm were made at Bregma—6.10 mm level, Interaural—3.90 mm, which were stained on ordinary histological slides with hematoxylin-eosin for observation microscopy [36 ].
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