Raw dual

The IRF and NF-κB reporter cell lines, human lung carcinoma A549-Dual^™ (Invivogen) and the murine macrophage cell line RAW-Dual^™ (Invivogen), were cultured in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 2 mM l-glutamine, 4.5 g/L d-glucose, 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (HI FBS, Gibco), and 100 U/mL penicillin/100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco). The human monocyte cell line THP1-Dual^™ (Invivogen) was cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) supplemented with 2 mM l-glutamine, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), and 100 U/mL penicillin/100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco). The murine dendritic cell line DC2.4 was kindly provided by K. Rock (University of Massachusetts Medical School) and cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HI FBS; Gibco), 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin/100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco), 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol (Gibco), 1x nonessential amino acids (Cellgro), and 10mM HEPES (Invitrogen). Gal8-MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured and maintained in DMEM containing 4.5 g/L d-glucose and supplemented with 25 mM HEPES, 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin. All cell types were grown in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C in 5% CO2.