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7 protocols using pvdf hfp pellets

1

Fabrication of ion gels for organic electronics

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Aquivion D66-25BS electrolyte was obtained from Solvay. Aquivion was chosen because of its weaker conductivity dependence versus relative humidity compared to Nafion. Ionic liquids EMIM:TFSI and EIM:TFSI were purchased from Iolitec (99.5 and 98% grade, respectively). Ionic liquids were baked out in a vacuum oven and subsequently stored in an N2-filled glovebox. Polymeric insulator PVDF-HFP pellets with an average Mw (weight-average molecular weight) of ~400,000 and an average Mn (number-average molecular weight) of ~130,000 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ion gels were prepared in ambient by dissolving PVDF-HFP and the ionic liquid (1:4, w/w) in acetone with the following proportions: 17.6 wt % ionic liquid, 4.4 wt % polymer, and 78 wt % solvent. The resulting ion gel solution was stirred at 40°C for at least 30 min and then drop-cast onto the prepatterned organic semiconductor channel/gate.
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2

Fabrication of PVDF-HFP Ionic Gel Film Sensor

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A freestanding PVDF-HFP IG film was fabricated by a droplet drop-casting method (Keum et al., 2021b ). At first, PVDF-HFP pellets (average Mw ∼455,000, purchased from Sigma Aldrich) were dissolved in acetone (12 wt % of PVDF-HFP) and stirred for 4 h to prepare the PVDF-HFP solution. Then, the PVDF-HFP solution and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) ionic liquid (≥98%, Mw = 391.31, purchased from Sigma Aldrich) were mixed at a weight ratio of 6.5:3.5 and stirred for 1 h. Next, the IG solution was dropped on a glass substrate with a volume of 10 μL. For the curing of IG film, thermal drying was carried out at 70°C for 24 h in a vacuum oven. After drying, the IG film was peeled off from the glass substrate. For the fabrication of textile-based multimodal sensor, two fabric sheets having AgNW/PEDOT fibers were prepared and the PVDF-HFP IG film was placed on the center region where two AgNW/PEDOT conducting fibers are present (top and bottom of the IG film). Here, an adhesive film (3M, 9472, 0.13 mm-thick) was used to attach the fabric sheets.
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3

Fabrication of PVDF-HFP Composite Electrodes

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PVDF-HFP pellets with (Mw ∼ 400,000 kg mol-1), indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrodes with an average area of 20 mm × 10 mm, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (United States). CB particles with average diameter of 40 nm was purchased from Alfa Aesar (United States). Solutions were prepared using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone (ACE) both purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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4

Electrochemical Device Fabrication

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Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) pellets (Mw: 400,000, Sigma-Aldrich), poly(methacrylic acid methyl ester) (PMMA) powder (Mw: 996,000, Sigma-Aldrich), Zn(CF3O3S)2 powder (98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) (98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), ZnCl2 (≥98%, Sigma), [EMIM]CF3O3S ( ≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), [EMIM][TFSI] (≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich), Li[TFSI] (99.95%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetone (≥99.8%, Fisher Chemical), acetonitrile (≥99.9%, Fisher Chemical), propylene carbonate (PC) (99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) spacers were purchased and directly used without further treatments.
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5

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-Aniline Composite

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Aniline (99%), graphene oxide powder, ammonium persulfate (99.99%), ammonium hydroxide (28%), hydrochloric acid (37%, reagent grade), n-butanol, poly (vinylidene co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) pellets (99.99%), acetone (99.9%), ethanol and NMP were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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6

Polymer-Based Ion-Exchangers Synthesis

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The chemical reagents utilized to cast the PIMs were Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) pellets (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia), di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) (≥ 97%, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (≥ 99.8, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The investigated plasticizers were 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) (99%, Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany), tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) (≥ 97%, Sigma Aldrich, Germany), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (99.5%, Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland), 1-tetradecanol (≥ 98%, Merck, Germany),Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) (> 98%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and phthalic acid dibutyl ester (DBP) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich, USA).
Sulfuric acid (98%, Neutron, Iran), Bi(NO3)3 0.5H2O (> 99%, Alfa Aesar, ACS), Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (≥ 98%, Alpha Chemika, Maharashtra, India), ZnSO4·7H2O (≥ 99%, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), Ni(NO3)2 0.6H2O (≥ 99%, Carlo Erba, Italy), Cu(NO3)2 0.3H2O (≥ 99.5%, Avantor, Gliwice, Poland), Na2SO4 (≥ 99%, Neutron, Iran), AlCl3 (≥ 99%), CrCl3 (99%), Co(NO3)3·6H2O (≥ 98%), Mn(NO3)2. 4H2O (≥ 98%), NaF(≥ 99.5%), NaOH (≥ 98%), and CdSO4 0.8H2O (≥ 98%,), all from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All aqueous solutions were prepared in ultrapure water (resistivity ≥ 18.2 MΩ cm, Zolalan, m-uv-3+, Iran).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Synthetic NO Donors

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All chemicals in this work were purchased and used directly without any purification. Commercial PVDF-HFP pellets were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (427187–100G). Teflon tubing was purchased from Allied Electronics, Inc. (28 AWG, TFT20028 NA005). A phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 10.0 mM, pH 7.40, with 100 μM EDTA) solution was prepared using Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCl, KCl and EDTA. The synthetic NO donors were characterized by 1H and19F NMR spectroscopy (Varian 500 MHz spectrometer).
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